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The Road to Mexican Independence: Causes and Effects on Texas

Learn about the causes of Mexico’s war for independence, the impact on Texas, and Mexican policies affecting the region post-independence. Explore key events like the Fredonian Rebellion, Mier y Teran Report, and the Law of April 6, 1830.

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The Road to Mexican Independence: Causes and Effects on Texas

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  1. Module 3 Power, Authority and Change

  2. Conflicts and Mexican Independence

  3. What were the causes of Mexico’s war for Independence? • Wide economic and social divisions between the rich and poor in New Spain • Political Corruption in Spain • Examples of other revolutions (America and Latin America)

  4. Mexico Independence • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cT60g-GlnLs&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • (5 min)

  5. Spain claimed Texas for 300 years but there had been little growth • Only 3 main settlements (San Antonio, Goliad, and Nacogdoches) • Spain had trouble attracting Spanish settlers • No gold, silver, too many natives, too remote • Ignored Texas

  6. Mexico wins Independence • September 16, 1810 -1821 • 1821 Mexican army defeats Spain • Independence is celebrated on September 16th • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwMKQto74t8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • 3 min

  7. What was the effect on Texas? • “The (armies have) drained the resources of the country, and laid their hand on everything that could sustains [support] human life. [Texas] has advanced at an amazing rate toward ruin and destruction.” • Antonio Maria Martinez

  8. Effect on Texas • Many Tejanos fled or killed • Texas Native relations worsened • Texas economy ruined

  9. Mexican rule

  10. The Constitution of 1824

  11. Formed state of Cohuila y Texas • Effect: • The capital was far from Texas • Hard for Texans to participate in state government • Some Texans were angered!

  12. Gave states strong local control • Effect: • Local government could adjust to meet local needs (US settlers) • Local government became a mixture of US and Mexican practices

  13. Roman Catholicism – the official religion • Effect: • Texans publically claimed to be Catholic but privately worshiped as they pleased

  14. Mexican policies in Texas • Mexico’s new government had to decide which Spanish policies to continue in Texas • Began to secularize the Texas missions (move from religious control to civil control) • 1831- all missions buildings and lands were placed under local control, given away or sold • Tejanos acquired most of the mission land

  15. New settlement system • Mexico had to find a new system to replace the mission system • Wanted to populate Texas • Worried the Tejano population too small to protect Texas • Should they open Texas to US settlers? • Decided on the Empresario system

  16. Venn Diagram - Compare the U.S. and Mexican Constitutions • As a class

  17. The Road to Revolution

  18. The Fredonian Rebellion Haden Edwards (from Kentucky), empresario, had permission to bring 800 families near Nacogodoches. Edwards found settlers living on the land. He ordered them to show their land title or buy a new one from him. If not they would be thrown off land.

  19. The settlers were MAD and complained to government. Mexican government agreed with settlers and canceled Edwards’ land grant.

  20. Result Edwards tried to lead a revolution. Benjamin Edwards (brother) claimed East Texas as Independent Republic of Fredonia. 1826 rode into Nacogdoches and adopted the Fredonian Declaration of Independence.

  21. Old Stone Fort

  22. Results Most Texans (Tejanos and US settlers) opposed the Fredonian Rebellion. Stephen F. Austin called out militia The rebels fled. Small event but attracted a lot of attention!

  23. Why the name Fredonian? • Fredonia was a named used in early America describing America as a place of freedom.

  24. The U.S. meddles US newspapers called it a revolt and blew it out of proportion. US wanted to buy Texas and made several offers. Mexico was offended! Suspected the US encouraged the Fredonian Rebellion. Mexico was worried about US interference and sent troops to East Texas.

  25. Mier y Teran Report Mexico sent General Manuel de Mier y Teran to tour Texas and investigate conditions there. Mier y Teran began his tour in Laredo in 1828. Travled to San Antonio, San Felipe de Austin and Nacogdoches. Met with Stephen F. Austin and discussed the issues important to US settlers. SFA expressed his loyalty to Mexico.

  26. Mier y Teran

  27. Mier y Teran Reports to Mexico • Anglo settlers influence in East Texas too strong. • Anglo settlers out number Mexican settlers 10-1. • Mexican government MUST act or lose Texas.

  28. Mier y Teran Recommends • Increase trade with Texas and Mexico so the Texans won’t trade with US • More soldiers sent to Texas • Encourage more European and Mexican settlers to come to Texas

  29. Law of April 6, 1830 Banned slavery in Mexico (Texas was exempt…for now)

  30. Banned US immigration to Texas and made it illegal to bring more slaves to Texas

  31. Taxed all US imports coming to Texas

  32. Mexico hoped the Law of April 6 would strengthen Mexican control of Texas • Tejanos and Anglo Settlers were FURIOUS! • Afraid the new laws would hurt the economy • US settlers mad that their families could not come to Texas

  33. SFA’s response • SFA did not like the new law BUT tried to work with Mexican officials and encouraged settlers to obey • Austin realized that Texas-Mexico relations were BAD • This is the turning point!

  34. Activity about Law of April 6, 1830 • Write a letter to the governor of Cohuila Y Tejas protesting the new laws. It must include specific references to 3 of the articles from the Law of April 6, 1830.

  35. Conflict at Anahuac • More troops and more taxes! • Col. Bradburn arrested Patrick Jack and William B. Travis. • A small skirmish broke out. • Texas colonists needed more firepower and sent John Austin to Brazoria to bring back a cannon

  36. While the colonists waited for John Austin and the cannon they adopted a number of statements known as the Turtle Bayou Resolutions.

  37. Turtle Bayou Resolutions • Colonists declared their loyalty to Mexico. • Supported Santa Anna and his revolt in Mexico City against President Bustamante • Bustamante ignored the Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824 and this angered many • Santa Anna promised to support the Texan-favored constitution • Wanted the Mexican Constitution of 1824

  38. Turtle Bayou Resolutions

  39. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • 1794-1876 • Fought with Spain against Mexican independence but switched sides in 1821 • 1832 led revolt and in 1833 was elected president • Promised to restore the Constitution of 1824 but did not!

  40. Santa Anna becomes president in 1833 • Texans are pleased!

  41. Convention of 1832 and 1833 • Met to discuss changes needed in Texas • 58 delegated met in San Felipe • Stephen F. Austin was elected President of Convention

  42. Convention of 1832 and 1833 • Texas be made a separate Mexican state • US immigration be allowed • Exempt from import taxes • Public schools • Better protection from Native Americans • Land titles for settlers in East Texas

  43. Never sent so they met again in 1833

  44. Wrote a state constitution • Adopted the same resolutions • Stephen F. Austin was chosen to take the resolutions to Mexico City.

  45. SFA in Mexico City • Stephen F. Austin set out for Mexico City in 1833. • Mexico City was in turmoil. Santa Anna was not there and the cholera epidemic was sweeping the city. • SFA was hoping for a quick answer but had to wait for MONTHS

  46. Cholera causes watery diarrhea, which leads to dehydration and death

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