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CH. 8—Political Geography

CH. 8—Political Geography. KI 3: Why do States Cooperate with each other?. Political and Military Cooperation. The United Nations Established in 1945 after WWII by the victorious Allied forces Originally contained 49 states, but now has 192

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CH. 8—Political Geography

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  1. CH. 8—Political Geography KI 3: Why do States Cooperate with each other?

  2. Political and Military Cooperation • The United Nations • Established in 1945 after WWII by the victorious Allied forces • Originally contained 49 states, but now has 192 • Replaced the League of Nations (established after WWI)—never very effective, U.S. never joined even though it was our idea • UN is a Global Peacekeeping force • Members can vote to establish peacekeeping forces and request states to contribute military forces • 5 permanent countries of security council can veto a peacekeeping operation—United States, China, France, Russia, U.K. • Cold war influenced decisions made by security council • Iraq War—no support from China, France, Russia

  3. http://www.un.org/en/

  4. Regional Military Alliances • After WWII, many countries joined regional alliances in addition to U.N. • Most resulted from the rivalry of the United States and Soviet Union • Before WWI, roughly 8 world powers (Japan, United States, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, U.K.) • After WWII, balance of power shifted, 2 world powers—U.S. and Soviet Union • Used other countries as alliances in which to build military bases, but no one country outside of the 2 world powers was strong enough to tip the balance of power

  5. Military Cooperation: • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • Military Alliance of 16 democratic states • Warsaw Pact • Military agreement between 7 communist states in Europe • They would defend each other in case of attack

  6. Economic Cooperation • Era of bipolar balance of power ended in 1992 when the Soviet Union was officially disbanded • The current balance of power has 2 key differences with former balance of power • Most important elements of state power are economic and not military (explains power of China, Japan, and Germany, and decline of Russia) • Leading superpower is not a single state, but an economic union of European states

  7. Economic Cooperation • European Union is most important • Formed in 1958 (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, West Germany) • Designed originally to rebuild and heal Europe after WWII • Today there are 28 members (Croatia joined in July of 2013) • Job is to promote development within member states through economic cooperation • Most of their budget is used to subsidize farms and businesses in depressed regions • Removed most barriers to free trade • Introduced Euro as common currency and made it easier for goods and people to move freely through Europe • Made Europe into World’s wealthiest market

  8. http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

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