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Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries

Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries. Geoff Bower. Discovery of X-ray Stars. Giacconi et al 1962. Aerobee Rocket. Designed by James van Allen Aerojet booster Bumblebee second stage Maximum altitude of 225 km Above 80 km for 350 seconds Traveled for 120 km.

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Existing Transient Surveys: High Energy II: X-ray Binaries

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  1. Existing Transient Surveys:High Energy II:X-ray Binaries Geoff Bower The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  2. Discovery of X-ray Stars Giacconi et al 1962 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  3. Aerobee Rocket • Designed by James van Allen • Aerojet booster • Bumblebee second stage • Maximum altitude of 225 km • Above 80 km for 350 seconds • Traveled for 120 km The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  4. New Detectors • Geiger counters • Greater collecting area • Anti-coincidence shields • 50-100 times more sensitive than solar X-ray experiments The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  5. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  6. Sco X-1 No optical counterpart known Eventually 13th mag  Lx ~ 10^3 Lopt Radio counterparts expected X-ray background detected Earth origin? Two Discoveries The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  7. Two Sources Discovered Giacconi et al 1964 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  8. More Sources Found • SNR • Nearby AGN • Galactic sources Rossi 1967 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  9. Characterizing Sco X-1 • Some variability • X-ray • Optical • 1000 x energy in X-rays than any other band • Thermal spectrum 50 x 10^6 K • Atomic lines in optical • No clear understanding in early days The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  10. Pulsations & Occultations ~ 4 Seconds  R < 10^9 cm Schreier et al 1972 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  11. Binary Model Mx ~ 1 Msun M* ~ 17 – 46 Msun The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  12. Periodic Fluctuations Bursts of X-ray emission following accretion Masses exceeding 3 Msun Neutron Star & Black Hole Binaries The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  13. Low mass companion (< 10 Msun) Star overfills its Roche lobe Lifetime – 10^7 – 10^9 y High mass companion Stellar wind drives mass accretion Lifetimes < 10^7 y LMXB & HMXB Only hundreds in the entire galaxy Dozens known The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  14. Galactic Distribution O LMXB * HMXB Grimm et al 2002 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  15. Galactic Distribution The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  16. Luminosity Distributions The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  17. Super-Eddington Accretors The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  18. GRS 1915+105 • Discovered in gamma-rays but strong X-ray source • LMXB • 15 M_sun BH • K giant companion Fender & Belloni 2004 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  19. Variability on Wide Range of Time Scales RXTE ASM The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  20. Coupling Between Hardness, Temperature, and Radius The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  21. Well Defined X-ray States Soft Hard Cool, distant disk Hot, close disk The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Markward et al 1999

  22. Temperature Photon Index The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  23. Superluminal Motion The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  24. Coupled Radio/X-ray Activity The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  25. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  26. Comparison to AGN • Tau ~ M^-1/2 • Jet Quenching at 1 -10% L_EDD Triangles: XRB Squares: AGN The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  27. Chandra Observations of the Galactic Center • 1 Msec • 2300 sources • < 10 multi-wavelength counterparts Muno et al 2002 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  28. Foreground Separation The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  29. Galactic X-ray Sources The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  30. GC Transients The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  31. Overabundance of Transients in Central Parsec The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  32. LMXBs Dynamical friction drives compact objects to GC Three-body interactions produces LMXB HMXB Two Explanations for Transient Overdensity The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Ghez et al 2006

  33. One LMXB Known X-ray eclipses Porquet et al 2005 Double-lobe radio source Bower et al 2005 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

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