What is SPSS

1. What is SPSS • SPSS is a program software used for statistical analysis. • Statistical Package for Social Sciences

2. Introduction • 1. Download the SPSS Trial which is valid for 30 days or buy the software • 2. Install the Software on your computer • 3. Run the tutorial. • 4. SPSS is a spreadsheet and look similar to Microsoft Excel

3. The SPSS Screen • The spreadsheet of SPSS is divided into two categories : • Data View • Variable View

5. How to enter data into SPSS • Entering New Data into SPSS File • Scenario : 10 people were picked as a sample and were asked their age as members of the gym • Go in the Data View Page and type the age of the people. Say 20 to 65

6. Type the numbers in the first column

7. How do you name the Variable • Click on the Variable View tab • In the first column there is the Tab: Variable0000 • Click on Variable000 and enter age • Then proceed to the decimals column and change the decimals from 2 to Zero

8. Changing the Variable0001 to age

9. Data View Page should look like this

10. Importance of Values in SPSS • Scenario : Say for example there is a sample of ten people. There are 5 males and 5 females. • The Variable name should be gender. However, SPSS is a smart program and inso creating a column for male and female, just enter the gender as a number

11. Process • Proceed to data view page • Use the number 0 for the male gender and the number 1 for female gender • When a male gender appears on your questionnaire, enter number 1 in the column. When a female gender appears on your questionnaire, enter number 2 in the column. • Then proceed to the variable view tab

12. Rename the Variable from Variable002 to Gender. • Change the decimals to 0. • Then proceed to the Values column. Click on it and define Values. • Enter Value : 0 • Enter Label: Male and the press add • Enter Value : 1 • Enter Label : Female and then press add and then click OK • Then proceed to the measure column and click on Nomimal

13. Then proceed to Data View Page and click on View and then click Value Label

14. New Data View Page

15. Running Analysis • Analysis is normally run in a different window known as the SPSS output window. • Scenario : We want to examine the amount of members which frequent the gym in each city. The question in the questionnaire was • 5) To which area of the city do you belong? • North  • South  • East  • West 

16. Analysis • Proceed to the data view tab • The six column on the top of the screen is known as analyse • Click on analyze • The click on descriptive statistics • Then click on frequencies • A box will pop up on the screen • Then pick the Variable on which you want to run the frequency

17. Amount of members in each city • In our scenario, we want to find the amount of members which from each city • We then select the city Variable • Then click OK and the output window will appear • The output window shows exactly how many people were from North South East and West • Right click and copy and past so as not to lose data

18. Output Page

19. How to Find Mean Mode Median and Std Deviation on SPSS • Scenario : Find the average age of the people who participated in the sample. • Proceed to the Data View Tab • Click on Analyze then click on descriptive statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Here we are analyzing the average age of the sample who participated on the survey • The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean • Then click on continue and the output page will come out with the necessary information

21. Mean

22. Output window

23. Standard Deviation • The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out your data are. • Proceed to the Data View Tab • Click on Analyze then click on descriptive statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed • The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean and Standard Deviation • Then click on continue and the output page will come out with the necessary information

24. Standard Deviation

25. Standard Deviation

26. Output Window

27. Chi Square Analysis • Scenario : Out of ten members at the gym, we are trying to find the amount of female who will not use the gym if it is not associated to the city • Objective: Conduct a chi analysis to test the relationship between the two. • Proceed to the Data View and the click on analyze and then on descriptive statistics and then on crosstabs. A new tab will appear

28. Chi Square • We are analyzing the amount of boys which have been accepted in the college. This in the Row tab, input gender and in the column tab, input accepted. • Then click on Statistic and then click on Chi Square and then click continue • Then click on cells and then click on Expected and then click on continue

29. Chi Square

31. Chi Square

32. Chi Square

33. Chi SQUARE • The output window will open as per last picture • Scroll down to the middle of the output window where there is written : Gender usage crosstabulation • The cross tabulation table will give the amount of male and female students which will not go to the gym if it is not found in their city • Say for instance, the cross tabulation table shows that there are more female who will use the gym even if it located outside their city

34. Chi Square Analysis • Then move on to the Chi Square Tab • If the value in the Asymp Sig is less than 0.5, we can say that the difference between male and female using the gym outside the city could have occurred just by chance. • If the Asymp Sig is 0.000, this means that there that the difference observed is due to sampling. Thus, the Chi Square report that the amount of female willing to use the gym outside their city is because of XYZ reason.

35. Creating a Histogram on SPSS • A histogram graphically summarize the distribution of a data set. • Steps: Proceed to the SPSS Data View Tab. • Click on Analyze then click on descriptive statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Say for instance the Variable is Rank the main reasons for you using the Club • The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean Mode Median or Std Deviation

37. Histogram

38. Histogram • The Press on Chart. • A new Tab will appear with bar chart, Histogram and Pie Chart • Select Histogram • Then press continue and then ok • The output page will come out with the necessary table and histogram

39. Histogram

40. Histogram

41. Creating Pie Chart on SPSS • A pie chart illustrate variables into sectors. • Steps: Proceed to the SPSS Data View Tab. • Click on Analyze then click on descriptive statistics and then frequencies and then select the variable to be analyzed. Say for instance the Variable here is to find the percentage of customers who are aware that food is served at 7.pm. • The click on statistic and select what is appropriate: Mean.

42. Pie Chart

43. Pie Chart • The Press on Chart. • A new Tab will appear with three different options • Select Pie Chart • Then press continue and then ok • The output page will come out with the necessary table and Pie Chart

44. Pie Chart

45. Creating Bar Chart on SPSS • Follow the same procedure as for histogram and pie chart but instead click on bar chart and complete analysis

46. Correlation Analysis • Scenario : We are trying to find the correlation between female and usage of gym during lunch time • Click on the analyze menu and then scroll down to correlate and then select bivariate • Then select the appropriate Variable • Here the variable might be: Time. Gender. Members • Then select on the two tailed button and flag significant correlation and then click ok

47. Correlation Analysis

48. Correlation

49. The output page will open • Look at the table of correlation • And then analyze data saying there is no correlation or high correlation