Get out your spiral and get ready to take notes!

1. Get out your spiral and get ready to take notes!

2. Splash Screen

3. LT 1A

4. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Early Years Section 2:The War Continues Section 3:The War Moves West and South Section 4:The War is Won Visual Summary Chapter Menu

5. The Early Years Essential QuestionWhat challenges did the American revolutionaries face at the start of the war? Chapter Intro

6. The War Continues Essential QuestionHow did the United States gain allies and aid during the Revolutionary War? Chapter Intro

7. The War Moves West and South Essential QuestionHow did fighting in the West and South affect the course of the Revolutionary War? Chapter Intro

8. The War is Won Essential QuestionHow did the battle of Yorktown lead to American independence? Chapter Intro

9. What challenges did the American revolutionaries face at the start of the war? Section 1-Essential Question

10. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • mercenary • recruit Academic Vocabulary • transfer • previous Section 1-Key Terms

11. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Hessian • Molly Pitcher • General William Howe • Nathan Hale • Lemuel Hayes • Peter Salem • Benedict Arnold • General Horatio Gates Section 1-Key Terms

12. The Opposing Sides The British and American forces each had advantages and disadvantages during the war for American independence. Section 1

13. The Opposing Sides (cont.) • British advantages in the war included: • The strongest navy in the world • An experienced and well-trained army • Great wealth • A much larger population Section 1

14. The Opposing Sides (cont.) • American disadvantages in the war included: • The absence of a regular army and strong navy • A short supply of weapons and ammunition • Some colonists, such as the Loyalists, did not support the war for independence. Section 1

15. The Opposing Sides (cont.) • American advantages in the war included: • The ability to fight on their own ground • Determination to gain freedom from Britain • The British relied on Hessian mercenariesto fight for them. • George Washington as a leader Section 1

16. The Opposing Sides (cont.) • Because Colonists were unwilling to transferpower to their own Continental Congress, Congress experienced difficulty enlisting soldiers and raising money to fight the war. • The Congress established the Continental Army but depended on the states to recruitsoldiers. Section 1

17. The Opposing Sides (cont.) • The best officers in the Continental Army were veterans of previous wars. • Some women, such as Molly Pitcher, fought with the Patriot forces. Section 1

18. A B C D One of the Patriots’ greatest advantages was which of the following? A.A larger population B.Mercenaries fighting on their side C.A stronger navy D.George Washington as their military leader Section 1

19. Patriot Defeats and Victories After suffering defeat at the Battle of Long Island, the Americans rallied and won victories at Trenton and Princeton. Section 1

20. Patriot Defeats and Victories(cont.) • The British commander, General William Howe, hoped the sheer size of his army would convince the Patriots to give up. • Before being hanged as a spy, Patriot Nathan Hale said, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” • As many as 5,000 African Americans—such as Lemuel Hayes and Peter Salem— joined the Patriots. Section 1

21. Patriot Defeats and Victories(cont.) • On Christmas night 1776, Washington and 2,400 troops crossed the Delaware River and surprised the enemy at Trenton the next day. Section 1

22. A B C D Historians estimate that how many African Americans joined the Patriots to fight? A.500 B.1,000 C.5,000 D.10,000 Section 1

23. A British Plan for Victory The British plan to separate New England from the Middle Colonies was foiled at the Battle of Saratoga. Section 1

24. A British Plan for Victory(cont.) • The British wanted to gain control of the Hudson River, which would separate New England from the Middle Colonies. • The British captured Philadelphia but were stopped in New York by American forces led by Benedict Arnold. • In the Battle of Saratoga, American troops under the command of General Horatio Gatessurrounded the British troops and their plan to separate the colonies failed. Section 1

25. A B C D At which battle was the British plan to separate the colonies foiled? A.The Battle of Saratoga B.The Battle of Trenton C.The Battle of Philadelphia D.The Battle of Burgoyne Section 1

26. How did the United States gain allies and aid during the Revolutionary War? Section 2-Essential Question

27. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • desert • inflation Academic Vocabulary • aid • issue Section 2-Key Terms

28. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Bernardo de Gálvez • Marquis de Lafayette • Friedrich von Steuben • Juan de Miralles • Judith Sargeant Murray • Abigail Adams Section 2-Key Terms

29. Gaining Allies Even with aid from other nations and individuals, the Patriots had difficulty financing their war for independence. Section 2

30. Gaining Allies(cont.) • Realizing that the Americans had a chance of defeating Britain, the French declared war on Britain and sent money, equipment, and troops to aid the American patriots. • Spain also declared war on Britain in 1779 and the Spanish governor of Louisiana, Bernardo de Gálvez, raised an army. Section 2

31. Gaining Allies(cont.) • Many men deserted the Continental Army during a winter of terrible suffering at Valley Forge. However, the Continental Army did survive the winter. • Among the leaders at Valley Forge was a French noble, the Marquis de Lafayette. • Friedrich von Steuben, a former army officer from Prussia, also came to help General Washington. Section 2

32. Gaining Allies(cont.) • Juan de Miralles arrived in Philadelphia in 1778 as a representative of Spain. • To pay for the war, the Congress and the states printed hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of paper money, which led to inflation. Section 2

33. A B C D What is the main reason that European nations helped the Americans fight for independence? A.They knew America would become a superpower one day. B.The American politicians promised them money in return. C.They admired their cause. D.They disliked the British. Section 2

34. Life on the Home Front The ideals of liberty and freedom that inspired the American Revolution carried through to the issues of women’s interests and slavery. Section 2

35. Life on the Home Front(cont.) • The ideals of liberty and freedom that inspired the American Revolution also caused some women to question their place and treatment in American society. • Judith Sargeant Murray argued that women’s minds are as good as men’s. • Abigail Adams also stood up for women’s interests. Section 2

36. Life on the Home Front(cont.) • The Revolutionary War ideals also inspired some white Americans to question slavery; however, the issue of slavery would remain unsettled for many years. • Loyalists who remained in the United States faced difficult times. Section 2

37. A B C D Which of the following states did NOT attempt to abolish slavery around the time of the American Revolution? A.Vermont B.Virginia C.New Hampshire D.Pennsylvania Section 2

38. How did fighting in the West and South affect the course of the Revolutionary War? Section 3-Essential Question

39. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • blockade • privateer • guerrilla warfare Academic Vocabulary • impact • sustain Section 3-Key Terms

40. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Joseph Brant • George Rogers Clark • John Paul Jones • Battle of Moore’s Creek • General Charles Cornwallis • Francis Marion • Nathanael Greene Section 3-Key Terms

41. War in the West The British, along with their Native American allies, led attacks against settlers in the West. Section 3

42. War in the West (cont.) • Some Native Americans helped the Patriots, but more—including Mohawk chief Joseph Brant—sided with the British, who seemed less of a threat than the Americans. • George Rogers Clark’s victory at Vincennes strengthened the American position in the West. Section 3

43. A B With whom did most Native Americans side during the American Revolution? A.Britain B.America Section 3

44. Glory at Sea The American navy and American privateers had some successes against the powerful British navy. Section 3

45. Glory at Sea(cont.) • Britain’s navy formed a blockade, preventing supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army. • Because the American navy was too weak to operate effectively, the Second Continental Congress authorized approximately 2,000 ships to sail as privateers. • A daring American naval officer, John Paul Jones, raided British ports and became a naval hero to the American Patriots. Section 3

46. A B C D Of the thirteen American warships built to fight the British, how many actually made it to sea? A.One B.Two C.Five D.Ten Section 3

47. Struggles in the South Great Britain hoped that a strong campaign in the South would help the war. Section 3

48. Struggles in the South (cont.) • In 1776 the Americans crushed Loyalists at the Battle of Moore’s Creek, near Wilmington, North Carolina. • Hoping to use their sea power and the support of the Loyalists to win decisive victories, General Charles Cornwallis commanded the British forces in the Southern states. Section 3

49. Struggles in the South (cont.) • Francis Marionsuccessfullyused the hit-and-run technique of guerrilla warfare against the British in South Carolina. • In October 1780, Nathanael Greene’sarmy was forced to retreat from Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina, but the British sustained great losses in the process of fighting. Section 3

50. A B C D Francis Marion, a successful guerrilla leader, was known by what nickname? A.Hiding Francis B.Merry Marion C.The Swamp Fox D.The Mountain Man Section 3