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Political Marketing & Political Campaign. DSS200 0 7 Cheung Chor-yung. The Rise of Political Marketing. The nature of the electoral system The elected public offices The development of the mass media. Marketing: Commercial Vs. Political. AMA’s Definition: 1960.
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Political Marketing & Political Campaign DSS20007 Cheung Chor-yung
The Rise of Political Marketing • The nature of the electoral system • The elected public offices • The development of the mass media
AMA’s Definition: 1960 • Marketing is “the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user.” • Nature of activities: business • Direction of activities: one way • Product: goods and services
Cutlip et al’s definition • “Marketing is the management function that identifies human needs and wants, offers products and services to satisfy those demands, and causes transactions that deliver products and services in exchange for something of value to the provider.” • Identification and satisfaction of human needs: two way communication • Transactional activities
From good/service to candidate • Marketing of ideas • Marketing of candidates • Political marketing: application of marketing concepts & techniques to political campaigns
Promotion of political ideas Competitive promotion Favours symmetrical communication Promotion of political doctrine (absolute truth) Authoritarian promotion Asymmetrical communication Political Marketing Vs Propaganda
A Framework for Campaign • A management technology for professional approach • A list of variables for questions and essential elements • A systematic assessment of problems and opportunities, of priorities and critical elements • No formulas for success, but heuristics for discovery, reasoning and problem solving
Rules of Conduct in Political Marketing • Coherence • Systematic Re-examination • Minimal Differentiation/ Unique Selling Proposition (USP) • Maximum Security
Local Case: Tung • Main Line of Campaign • Image: Heavy weight • Most promising candidate
Local Case: Ng • Main Line of Campaign • Image: Political leader • A credible candidate
Tung: Majority support for the Selection Committee The public: Livelihood issues Ng: Electorate torn between democracy and China Support for rural candidate vs. support for democratic candidates Taking the Temperature
Tung vs. Yeung China connection vs. Impartiality Business experience vs. lack of administrative experience Both did not understand livelihood issues Ng: double seat double vote elections Analysis of Opponents
Tung Professional support Focus of the media Good mainland and international connections Ng Party machine One of the focuses of the media No go areas in the NT Boycott by pro-China media, etc. Means Available
Tung’s Campaign Objectives • Overwhelming support from the Selection Committee • Crucial Support from the public • Support from major political parties • Support from the Civil Service • A real race election • International goodwill and support
Ng’s Objectives • Promotion of democracy • Establishment of a stronghold for the democrats in NT West • Enhancement of people’s civic awareness
Tung’s Campaign Plan • Multi-media approach • Intensive visits to districts • Statesman-like Image with a lot of experience in coping with crises • Caring and open-minded
Tung’s Themes • China-HK Linkage • Smooth Transition • Economic Prosperity • Rule of Law • Livelihood Issues • Gradual Development of Democracy • Attack on the Democrats
Ng’s Plan • Multi-media Approach • Intensive visits in the district • Image of an honest, principled, democratic leader not afraid to stand up for HK • Themes: Democracy, Rule of Law, Human Rights
Conducting the Campaign: Tung • Stage One Preparation & Positioning • Campaign Team • Election Platform • Image Consolidation • Media Training • Issues Understanding • Research Back-Up • Medical Monitoring • Logistics: Campaign Office, Press Monitoring System, Contact lists, etc.
Remarks supporting the Civil Service High profile courteous visits to major parties Media monitoring & prompt responses Opinion polls monitoring Fight against smear campaign High Profile Declaration of Candidacy Intensive communications with SC members Extensive interview with media (But only 1 live interview in Cantonese) Speaking Platforms: World Economic Forum Tung: Stage Two- Launch/ Nomination
Tung: Third Stage- Finale • 2nd round lobby of SC members: non-committed members • More efforts in public visits & comments on public issues • Less emphasis on political issues • Heavy preparation for Q & A sessions
“Street Campaign” 5:40am-Bus Stops 8:30am-Restaurants Noon-Shopping Malls 2:30pm-Meet the Public 4:30pm-Wet Markets 8:00pm-Home Visits 10:00pm-Campaign Meeting Long Distance Strategy: LegCo Medium Distance Strategy: RegCo Short Distance Strategy: DB Conducting the Campaign: Ng