Flowers and Fruits

1. Flowers and Fruits

2. Flower anatomy

3. Flower anatomy • Sepals • Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens • Peduncle • stem

4. Flower anatomy • Petals • Colorful leaf-like structures • Attract animals and insects • Calyx • All sepals fused together

5. Flower anatomy • Male: Stamen • Filament • Stalk-like structure that hold up anther • Anther • Sack-like structure that holds pollen • Pollen • Contains reproductive cells

6. Flower anatomy • Female: Pistil • Stigma • Sticky part of pistil • Receives pollen • Style • Rod that holds up stigma • Ovary • Holds eggs • Ovule • Reproductive cell (eggs) that become seeds once fertilized

7. Types of Flowers • Perfect flower • Contains male and female parts • Imperfect flower • Contains only male or only female parts • Complete flower • Contain sepals, petals, pistil, and stamen • Incomplete flower • Missing either sepals, petals, pistil, or stamen Imperfect flowers are always incomplete Incomplete flowers are not always imperfect

8. Pollination and fertilization • Sexual reproduction in plants • Stamen releases pollen • Pollen is carried to a stigma • Does it have to be a different plant’s stigma? • Can it be? • How does it get there? • Pollination occurs when the pollen reaches a stigma

9. Pollination and fertilization • Pollen moves down the style depositing sperm into the ovary • Fertilization occurs when that sperm reaches an ovule inside the ovary • Once fertilized eggs become seeds and the ovary will swell and become fruit

10. Types of Fruits • How can fruit be different? • Name some different fruits • What is the purpose of a fruit?

11. Types of Fruits • It is the fertilized ovary of a plant that grows to produce and protect seed. • Once fertilization occurs, the flower is no longer needed and dries up. • Seed are formed within fruit. • Fruit must be sufficiently mature for the seed to be viable.

12. Types of Fruits • Good fruit formation is essential for farmers and other producers • Why? • The fruit that is often the most valuable product of a plant

13. Types of Fruits • Fleshy fruit • Fibrous structure that surrounds the seed • Pome • Several seeds • Drupe • Single seed

14. Types of Fruits • Dry fruit • Formed in a pod or hull • Caryopsis • Thin wall • Samara • Wings attached • Pod • Definite seam • Hull • No seam

15. Seeds • Container of new life • Good pollination is essential to creating lots of new seeds

16. seeds • What is their purpose? • Reproduce plants • Protect embryo • Provide food for new plant to grow • Human uses • Food production

17. seeds • Corn, soybeans, and wheat • We want lots of seed from these plants • Most valuable part of the plant • Grapes, oranges, and watermelons • We want few seeds from these plants • The fruit without seeds is more valuable

18. seeds • Seed structure • External • Protect and nourish internal parts • Internal • Embryo and food supply • Monocots vs. Dicots • Very similar • Significant differences

19. Dicots • External • Seed coat • Hold seed together • Protection • Hilum • Seed scar • Attachment to fruit • Micropyle • Tiny opening • Pollen entered this opening

20. seeds • Internal • Cotyledons • Fleshy parts that contain food • Radicle • Forms root • Hypocotyl • Connects cotyledons to radicle • Epicotyl • Forms stem • Plumule • Above ground part of plant

21. monocot • External • Seed coat • Protects and shapes seed • Seed scar • Attachment point • Silk scar • Point that silk was attached to ovule

22. seeds • Internal • Endosperm • Stored food • Radicle • Forms root • Hypocotyl • Connects radicle to food • Epicotyl • Forms stem • Cotyledon • Absorbs food and moves it to cotyledon • Plumule • Develops leaves and stem