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Section 6-3 “Mendel ”

Section 6-3 “Mendel ”. Write everything that is underlined. KEY CONCEPT Traits (characteristics) are inherited as discrete (separate) units. Before we begin…. Sit quietly for 30 seconds as you THINK!!!! Think about this…

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Section 6-3 “Mendel ”

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  1. Section 6-3“Mendel” Write everything that isunderlined

  2. KEY CONCEPT Traits (characteristics) are inherited as discrete (separate) units

  3. Before we begin… • Sit quietly for 30 seconds as you THINK!!!! • Think about this… • What are some traits you have that make you look like your mom or dad? If you don’t know what your mom or dad looks like, what are some qualities that make you look unique from the rest of your family? Or do you look more like one parent than another? • Why do you think this is???

  4. Key Vocabulary Terms • Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited (like hair color or blood type) • Genetics is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation • Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring

  5. Background Information • In the 1800s, Gregor Mendel (an Austrian monk) made the first studies in predicting how traits would transfer from one generation to another • Many in Mendel’s day thought traits were blended …. A red flower and a white flower would make a pink flower

  6. A. Mendel studied pea plants for 3 main reasons: • All the traits came in 2 easy to recognize forms • Both male and female gametes (sex cells) are produced on the same plant • The reproductive parts are tightly enclosed in petals preventing pollen from other plants entering

  7. B. Fertilization • The uniting of male and female gametes (sex cells) • Plants “pollinate” • A hybrid plant would have one of each form of a trait

  8. Think for a minute…- then pair/share • Have you ever heard of the term hybrid before???? • Def: the offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera, esp. as produced through human manipulation for specific genetic characteristics • Can you think of any examples of hybrids? • Livestock examples- • Yorkshire Pig x Hampshire Pig= Blue Butt • Black Angus x Hereford= Black Baldy • Thoroughbred x Arabian= Anglo Arabian

  9. Mendel controlled the fertilization of his pea plants by removing the male parts, or stamens. He then fertilized the female part, or pistil, with pollen from a different pea plant.

  10. B. Mendel’s 1st Experiments • Mendel’s 1st Experiments were called Monohybrid crosses (the plants were different by just one trait) • Example: all pea plants had purple flowers and green seeds, but some are tall and some short

  11. B. Mendel’s 1st Generation • He crossed a pea plant that was pure purple flowers (it had only purple genes) with a plant that was pure for white (only white genes) • The offspring were all purple, no white pea flowers grew • The white trait seemed to disappear

  12. C. Mendel’s 2nd Generation • Mendel crossed two of the offspring from the 1st generation • His results were 3 of every 4 plants were purple and 1 in 4 was white • The white trait reappeared

  13. 3. Abbreviations • P1 = parent in the 1st generation • The offspring of P1 were called the F1 generation • “F” stands for filial • Filial stands for son or daughter • The offspring of the cross between 2 F1 plants were called the F2 generation

  14. What disappeared in the 1st generation? • The trait for white • What reappeared in the 2nd generation? • The trait for white

  15. Mendel observed patterns in the first and second generations of his crosses

  16. D. Mendel’s Conclusions • Mendel concluded that each organism has 2 factors that control each of its traits • The factors controlling traits are called genes • One comes from each parent • They are found on the chromosomes • Genes exist in alternative forms

  17. E. Law of Segregation: • During fertilization, the 2 different genes randomly pair to produce 4 different combinations of alleles • They separate independently

  18. Draw the next slide – you will use this on your genetics book project ****

  19. Law of Segregation Parents Tt Tt x T T Tt Tt tt Offspring

  20. Gregor Mendel is my Hero!!!!! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hKBHUaPo3I&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 • (Note- you won’t know all of the information on here yet… but it will soon become clear to you. ) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1mC-wf2ymc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

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