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Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Pollution Levels in EMEP Grid Using Mosses

This study evaluates the spatial distribution of pollution levels by comparing heavy metal concentrations in mosses with modelled deposition in the EMEP grid. Data from moss surveys and modelled deposition were analyzed to assess long-term changes and identify factors impacting HM concentrations in mosses.

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Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Pollution Levels in EMEP Grid Using Mosses

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  1. Evaluation of spatial distribution of modelled pollution levels in new EMEP grid using heavy metal concentrations in mosses Ilia Ilyin, EMEP/MSC-E 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  2. Transition from old to new grid in the EMEP region Concentrations of Cd in 2014 50x50 km2 lat-lon grid • Air concentrations in old and new grids are similar in Europe • Differences in Africa and Asia are caused by changes in re-suspension 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  3. EMEP monitoring network (heavy metals, 2014) Pro: • High temporal resolution • Quality is controlled and documented Contra: • Few stations per country (1 – 6) • No available data from east Europe and Central Asia EMEP HM stations, 2014 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  4. Moss sampling plots (survey 2015) Pro: • Dense spatial coverage within countries • Availability in East Europe and Central Asia Contra: • Coarse temporal resolution (~ 3 years accumulation) • Observed values depends on deposition and other factors (not easy to interpret the results) Cd in mosses and EMEP stations • Combination of station-based measurements and results of biomonitoring can improve assessment of HM pollution levels in the EMEP region and verification of modelling results 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  5. Data involved in the study Data used: • Concentrations of HMs (Pb, Cd, Hg) in mosses (surveys of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015); provided by experts from ICP-Vegetation • Modelled deposition of HMs for 1990 – 2012 (50x50 km2) • Modelled deposition of HMs for 2014 (lat-lon grid) Compared parameters: • Spatial distributions of HMs deposition and of concentrations in mosses in individual countries (Spearman correlation coefficients) • Long-term changes (Reductions for 1990 – 2015 period) Data processing: • Concentrations in mosses are averaged over grid cells in new EMEP domain • Outliers of moss measurements are filtered out if measured value lies outside limits of Cmean ± 3σ 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  6. Normalized concentrations in mossesand total deposition fluxes (Pb, 2014) Concentrations in mosses Total deposition 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  7. Normalized concentrations in mossesand total deposition fluxes (Pb, 2014) 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  8. Modelled and observed Cd levels: Scandinavia Normalized modelled deposition Normalized concentration in mosses • South-north gradients of heavy metal pollution levels are reproduced by the model 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  9. Modelled and observed Pb levels: France Normalized concentration in mosses Normalized modelled totaldeposition 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  10. Modelled and observed Pb levels: France Normalized concentration in mosses Normalized modelled secondary deposition Normalized modelled anthrop. deposition • Biomonitoring data is useful to identify uncertainties in spatial distribution of emissions (anthrop. and secondary) Rc = 0.26 Rc = 0.60 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  11. Spatial correlation coefficients between TD and MC Rc > 0.50 in 6 countries ( of 27) Rc > 0.50 in 5 countries ( of 29) No significant correlation 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  12. R1 R2 Concentrations in mosses vs. observed wet deposition: approach to compare DE7 EMEP station Moss sampling plots 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  13. Correlation between observed concentrations in mosses and wet deposition at EMEP stations (Pb) 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  14. Correlation between observed concentrations in mosses and wet deposition at EMEP stations (Cd) • What other factors (except deposition) impact on concentration of HMs in mosses? • What area for averaging concentrations in mosses is most relevant? 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  15. Country-averaged total deposition and concentrations in mosses (Pb) Rc = 0.64 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  16. Country-averaged total deposition and concentrations in mosses (Cd) Rc = 0.55 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  17. Long-term changes for 1990-2015 • Comparison with moss surveys 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010: • Uniform model time series in old (50x50 km2) EMEP grid for 1990 – 2012 • Deposition values averaged over 3 yearspreceding each moss survey for 1990 – 2012 • Comparison with moss survey 2015: • Modelling in new (lat-lon) EMEP grid for 2014 Modelled time series are not uniform. Results of trend analysis should be considered as preliminary 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  18. Analysis of trends: selection of countries Pb, 1995 Pb, 2000 Pb, 1990 Pb, 2010 Pb, 2015 Pb, 2005 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  19. Long-term changes of Pb deposition and concentrations in mosses (preliminary results) 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  20. Long-term changes of Pb deposition and concentrations in mosses (preliminary results) Reduction 1990 – 2015: Conc. in mosses: 74 – 90% Total deposition: 80 – 85% 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  21. Long-term changes of Cd deposition and concentrations in mosses (preliminary results) Reduction 1990 – 2015: Conc. in mosses: 30 – 70% Total deposition: 20 – 70% • Reductions of Pb and Cd concentrations in mosses for 1990-2015 are similar to those of atmospheric deposition 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  22. Long-term changes of Hg deposition and concentrations in mosses (preliminary results) Reduction 1995 – 2015: Conc. in mosses: 4 – 30% Total deposition: 16 – 40% • Both concentrations in mosses and deposition of Hg demonstrate relatively low change for 1995-2015 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

  23. Conclusions • Data on measured concentrations of HMs in mosses is important complementary information for analysis of pollution levels and their trends in the EMEP region, especially in areas with scarce monitoring network. • Biomonitoring data are very important for analysis of spatial distribution of pollution levels. In particular, they favour to identify uncertainties in spatial distribution of emissions (anthropogenic and secondary) • Reduction of concentrations in mosses and total atmospheric deposition for 1990-2015 is 70-90% (Pb) and 20-70% (Cd). Reduction of Hg levels for 1995 – 2015 is 4 – 40%. • Further cooperation between EMEP and WGE (ICP-Vegetation) is needed for analysis of factors affecting heavy metal levels in mosses 31th TF meeting of the ICP-Vegetation,March 2018, Dessau

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