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Calvin Jones Welsh Economy Research Unit jonesc24@cf.ac.uk

Calvin Jones Welsh Economy Research Unit jonesc24@cf.ac.uk. The Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Sporting & other Events Event Tourism: Enhancing Destinations and the Visitor Economy Bournemouth University 11 th January 2007. On Today’s Menu.

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Calvin Jones Welsh Economy Research Unit jonesc24@cf.ac.uk

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  1. Calvin Jones Welsh Economy Research Unitjonesc24@cf.ac.uk The Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Sporting & other Events Event Tourism: Enhancing Destinations and the Visitor Economy Bournemouth University 11th January 2007

  2. On Today’s Menu • The need for thorough & holistic evaluation of event impacts • Growing importance of Environmental & Sustainability Considerations • Potential Methodologies & Example Results • Conclusions

  3. Event Impact Studies: The Issues • Most[?] lack intellectual rigour & data quality; often partial in both senses of the word • Difficulties in isolating regional ‘impact’ from wider event-related activity [displacement & leakages] • Rather ‘old fashioned’ metrics such as employment & output • Do not speak to current policy agenda: innovation; ‘knowledge economy’; sustainable development; value adding • Largely considered crap* by ‘mainstream’ academics and policymakers/officials * technical term

  4. Event Impact Studies: Desired Progression? • Evaluate major events in a way which; • Is [more] holistic • Specifically speaks to regional/national goals in terms of sustainable economic development • Assesses costs as well as beneficial impacts • Can enable comparisons; • across major events [within/ex-regional] • with other tourism activity • with wider development options [opportunity cost]

  5. Event Environmental Impacts • Strong SD growth in Econ Dev policy agenda • Mirrored by increasing concerns in sport & event management (Green Games; One Planet Olympics; OGGI etc.) • However, little practical guidance on minimising environmental negatives • No way to prioritise mutually exclusive SD-management projects or options • Thus need for quantitative event environmental evaluation

  6. Benefits: Widely used (if not understood!) measure of human activities’ environmental impact Single output measure (hectares) enables comparability A measure of global impact Established algorithms ease analysis Backed by major players; WWF; UK Regional authorities; LOCOG 2012 Limitations: Single measure may hide impact ‘mechanisms’ Not necessarily intuitive land use measure Extremely complex algorithms which lack transparency; not ‘open source’ A measure of global impact… Environmental Evaluation of Major Events Two Options (1) – Ecological Footprint

  7. Benefits: Relies upon well used & easily understood input-output relationships & modelling Data improving continuously as NAMEAs develop Activity-by-activity examination of impacts Flexible regarding impact metrics [CO2, waste, water etc.] Can be used to compare with economic impact Largely a measure of local/regional/national impact Limitations: Industrial disaggregation not sport/tourism specific – errors Myriad input-output limitations & modelling assumptions Requires well developed [regional] economic account & NAMEA Largely a measure of local/regional/national impact Environmental Evaluation of Major Events Two Options (1) – Environmental Input-Output

  8. Brief Results (1): Ecological Footprint of the 2004 FA Cup Final Source: Collins, Munday & Roberts, 2006

  9. Brief Results (1): Reducing the Ecological Footprint of the 2004 FA Cup Final Source: Collins, Munday & Roberts, 2006

  10. Introducing The Wales [Environmental] Satellite Account (TESA) • Fruits of a project started in 1999 WERU/ICTHR – Tourism Impact & Planning Model developed into Welsh TSA • TSA enumerates economic value of tourism in a way comparable with other industries • Accredited by UNWTO, OECD & EUROSTAT • In Wales link to REWARD environmental dataset enables assessment of environmental impact of tourist activity • For technical/methodology see forthcoming papers in Tourism Economics & Journal Travel Research (or email me!)

  11. TIPM: Indicative Results (2003):Aiding Tourism Marketing

  12. TIPM: Indicative Results (2000):Contributing to Sustainable Development (TESA) Environmental Impacts of Tourism Within Wales by Tourist Type 2000 (Direct and Indirect) NB: Figures experimental and confidential

  13. TIPM: Indicative Results (2003):Major Event Evaluation NB: Employment estimates are indicative only as additional demand will in large part be serviced by existing employees

  14. TESA/Sport Future Developments • Develop an Event Tourist profile to compare with existing (short/long/Int’l/Business) • Establish overall value of ‘event tourism’ to region within TESA framework • Methodology to assess extra-regional impacts • Development of Social Accounting Matrix to illuminate ‘social’ aspect of SD • Help LOCOG develop suitable metrics/method for environmental evaluation

  15. Conclusions • ENVIO and EF offer a way of assessing environmental impact of events in a way which enables sustainable event planning & management • Complementary analyses that offer different benefits • Both methods in their infancy but offer substantial benefits if systems can be made more ‘sport & event specific’ • Potential for incorporation into CGE-type systems to also look at issues of displacement… if you have the cash!

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