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Wi-Fi Technology NCC Workshop, 2003 Kent Lundgren. vg136b7. Outline. Introduction and Scope Wi-Fi Protocols Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth Wi-Fi vs. Cellular Hotspot Drivers Hotspot Players Backhaul WISPs Wi-WAN Solution Conclusions. Wi-Fi Introduction. Simple, cheap and ubiquitous

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vg136b7

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  1. Wi-Fi TechnologyNCC Workshop, 2003Kent Lundgren vg136b7

  2. Outline • Introduction and Scope • Wi-Fi Protocols • Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth • Wi-Fi vs. Cellular • Hotspot Drivers • Hotspot Players • Backhaul • WISPs • Wi-WAN Solution • Conclusions

  3. Wi-Fi Introduction • Simple, cheap and ubiquitous • Great solution for • Home LAN • Office LAN • Periodic Event LAN, conferences, trade shows • When applied to a large area Internet service business, challenges arise: • Access Points get very large in number. • Build-out, Management & Maintenance become exponentially complex. • Internet Access operating cost dwarfs equipment cost.

  4. Strong User Base Translates into Strong Revenue Growth Wi-Fi Market Size U.S. Europe Number of Users (millions) Revenue ($ millions) Users growing from 600K to 21.5M in US Revenue growing from $134M to $3B in US The Analysys Group, 2002; Europe 2007 is Harris Estimate

  5. 802.11 (Wi-Fi) Protocol Comparison 802.11i = temporal key integrity protocol – may replace WEP 802.11x = authentication protocol

  6. Pluses & Minuses

  7. Recommendations • Do not use home-brewed 802.11a/b/g systems outdoors. Expect severe interference from those who do at 2.4 GHz. • 802.11a’s biggest advantage, generous spectral allocation (in the US), outweighs its disadvantages.

  8. Different Markets & Roles high power & long range • Bluetooth • Designed for quick, seamless, short-range networks • Features low power consumption, small protocol stack,robust data & voice transfer • Cheap price • Good choice for WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Networks) • 802.11 • Designed for infrequent mobility, IP-based data transmission • Medium range and high data rate • At least 10x the price of bluetooth • Good choice for WLAN medium power & medium range low power & short range • WPAN • BT • HomeRF x0M xKM x00M IEEE 802.11 GSM, CDMA, GPRS, etc.

  9. Wi-Fi vs. Cellular • Cellular comes from the Telecom World • Slow standardization and long product lifecycle (decades) • Circuit switched • Trunk lines and exchanges are digital TDM • 2.5G/3G data networks are hybrid approaches • Circuit-switched voice • Packet data • Wi-Fi comes from the Networking World • Rapid product life cycles • Internet is the backbone, with a wireless edge • IP from the core to the edge • Contention-based MAC lowers client cost • IP is the dominant networking standard, while FDDI, Token Ring, Frame Relay, ATM have had limited impact

  10. Wi-Fi & Cellular: Voice and Data Cellular 2.5/3G 802.11 WLAN Data Voice

  11. Hot Spot Drivers • Wi-FiCPE is [will be] “free” • Integrated into next generation PCs and PDAs • Very different from other access solutions • Access business cases normally very sensitive to CPE costs • Mobility/Portability is a “killer” application in itself…we learned that from voice • Early adopters are business users • They can pay • They have no other roaming “data communications “ options • Except “3G”…. but what and where is it? • “Killer” application is remote corporate LAN access • Adoption of 802.11a • Big speed jump, lots more spectrum

  12. Anticipated Wi-Fi Deployment • Phase 1 - Early deployments, isolated sites • Airports, the odd hotel, convention halls • low user density & low speed user access rates (primarily 802.11b) • Phase 2 - Full deployments: network build-outs, coverage driven • Consolidations to gain coverage and broader service portfolios, fixed and mobile carriers get involved • Dependable coverage and availability • Advanced roaming services & agreements • Stable, predictable pricing

  13. Hot Spot Players Optional Roaming Intermediary Broker or Settlement Services Agreement Agreement Home Entity (such as User’s Corporation or Service Provider) WISP Hotspot Operator Global Roaming AAAServices Network Roaming RADIUS NETwork Server Central Policy / Authentication Database AAA ROAMing Server VPN / AAAServer AAA / RADIUS Proxy Server Hotspots Mobile / Nomadic User Home Entities: • Definition:“who the Mobile / Nomadic User has a billing relationship and account with (may not be a Wireless Hot Spot Operator)” • Examples are: Corporations, Carriers, and WISPs Themselves • Maintain security association with their nomadic user (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) • Additional roaming revenues from users without having to deploy WLAN infrastructure

  14. Hot Spot Players, con’t. Optional Roaming Intermediary Broker or Settlement/Clearinghouse Agreement Agreement Home Entity (such as User’s Corporation or Service Provider) WISP Hotspot Operator Global Roaming AAAServices Network Roaming RADIUS NETwork Server Central Policy / Authentication Database AAA ROAMing Server VPN / AAAServer AAA / RADIUS Proxy Server Hotspots Mobile / Nomadic User • Provides Home Entities with aggregated WLAN secure hotspot locations for their users • Provides WISP Hotspot Operators with aggregated customer base of already provisioned nomadic users Roaming Intermediaries: • Definition: “participate in the Authentication and Accounting Process between multiple Hotspot Operators and various Home Entities” • Examples are: Remote Access (dialup) Providersand Settlement (cellular) Carriers/Providers

  15. Hot Spot Players, con’t. Optional Roaming Intermediary Broker or Settlement Services Agreement Agreement Home Entity (such as User’s Corporation or Service Provider) WISP Hotspot Operator Global Roaming AAAServices Network Roaming RADIUS NETwork Server Central Policy / Authentication Database AAA ROAMing Server VPN / AAAServer AAA / RADIUS Proxy Server Hotspots Mobile / Nomadic User • Providing WLAN access attracts customers • Roaming brings additional revenues without cost of customer acquisition / provisioning • Cost sensitive infrastructure build out WISP Hotspot Operators: • Definition:“deploys public access WLAN networks (e.g., Wi-Fi) and public access control gateway functionality” • Example locations: airports, restaurants, hotel rooms, company lobbies, conference rooms, apartments

  16. Billing Roaming Revenue $ IPSEC or PPTP VPN Login as Nomad@HomeEntity.com Cell 2 Wireless Access Point Hot Spot Players, con’t. Optional Roaming Intermediary Broker or Settlement Services Home Entity (such as User’s Corporation or Service Provider) Hotspot Operator’s Network Operations Center Global Roaming AAAServices Network Roaming RADIUS NETwork Server AAA ROAMing Server Central Policy / Authentication Database VPN / AAAServer AAA / RADIUS Proxy Server Firewall & VPN Server NomadicUser Hotspot 2 Hotspot 1 Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 1 Wireless Access Point Wireless Access Point Wireless Access Point

  17. Hot Spot Challenges • Security • Quality of Service • Roaming/Billing • Revenue Model • Backhaul

  18. Typical Indoor Hot SpotConfiguration • High Speed Backhaul is required to avoid • traffic flattening • poor performance of VoIP, VIDoIP, etc • poor “user experience” • Traffic is not Pier-2-Pier Within the HotSpot (as is the case with LANs) • Aside from stat-gain, all traffic in the HotSpot is Egress/Ingress through the HotSpot BackHaul Link • No local caching or mail serving .... or wireline backhaul alternative

  19. Hot Spot Internet access only as good as the backhaul Hot Spot Backhaul Bottleneck E1/DSL Backhaul (~1Mbps) Wifi Bandwidth (~ >10Mbps) 802.11a/b blend

  20. Wired vs. Wireless Backhaul • Wired bandwidth is expensive when you can get it. • Licensed wireless is less costly, reliable, more flexible and scales well. • Supplied by emerging Wireless Wide Area Network (Wi-WAN) operators, aka Wireless ISPs (WISPs)

  21. WISP (Wi-WAN) Market Segments Residential & SOHO ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) MTU Building Access ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Cellular Backhaul ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) E1 / Fractional E1 Business Services Backhaul of Wi-Fi™ Hot Spots LE WISP Backhaul

  22. Wi-WAN Using Modified Wi-Fi Extension Outdoors • Licensed 3.5 GHz for reliable line-of-site backhaul • Modified Wi-Fi gives WISPs: a) better reach, b) higher throughput, and c) solution to “hidden node” problem..

  23. Conclusions • Higher bandwidth and generous spectral allocations (in the US) favor 802.11a. • Standard Wi-Fi is problematic outdoors. • Residential market is exploding now. • Office market will grow when security is enhanced (802.11i), boosting 802.11a. • Hotspot market will grow as roaming, billing, authentication, revenue model, and backhaul challenges are met. • Licensed wireless is best solution for Wi-Fi backhaul.

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