Determinants of Risk of Relapse among Drug Surrenders

1. Determinants of Risk of Relapse among Drug Surrenders Arianne S. Alvarez, Nerrie M. Tanyag, Esther Fabrero, Myrtle C. Orbon, Mylene S. Gumarao, Jezamine R. de Leon, Sheryl Ann M. Castillo • mcorbon@aup.edu.ph • Adventist University of the Philippines

2. Worldwide Phenomenon • It is estimated that 1 in 20 adults, or a quarter of a billion people between the ages of 15 and 64 years, used at least one drug in 2014 (World Drug Report, 2016).

3. Asian Phenomenon • Drug offenders are known to be routinely executed in seven countries around the world; and six of these countries are in Asia: China, Iran, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and now Indonesia following a number of executions over the past 6 months (FIDH, 2014).

4. Philippine Phenomenon • about an estimated 1.3 million drug users in the Philippines (DDB, 2015). • 7,069,095 houses visited via Project TokHang; 1,179,462 surrenderees –where 79,349 here are pushers and 1,110,113 were users (Bueza, 2017).

5. Why Relapse? • poor social support, confronted with difficult circumstances (Sinha, 2001).

6. Lin (2010)

8. Objective of the Study • The study seeks to identify the determinants of risk of relapse.

9. Spirituality • Social Acceptance • Resilience • Restorative Justice Research Paradigm • Risk of Relapse

10. Method • Descriptive-correlational • Purposive sampling technique • 106 drug surrenders, at least 18 years old • Barangays from NCR and CALABARZON • Self-Constructed Questionnaires

12. Drug Surrenderees

13. Respondent’s Profile

15. Substance Use

16. Substance Use

17. Results and Discussion

18. 1.Spirituality • High (M = 4.31; SD = 0.60) • I believe that there is a God. • I attend church services. • I like to pray.

19. Spirituality

20. 2.Resilience • Very High (M = 4.31; SD = 0.60) • I am ready to face any challenges in life • I can conquer challenges in life

21. Resilience

22. 3.Social Acceptance • High (M = 4.14; SD = 0.73) • I trust my family • My family stays with me when I am in crisis • I feel comfortable with my friends

23. Social Acceptance

24. 4.Restorative Justice • High (M = 4.47 SD = 0.62) • I trust my family • I would like to resolve the conflict I had with others • I believe authorities protect my human rights • I believe justice must prevail in our land

25. Restorative Justice

26. 5.Relapse • Low (M = 3.11 SD = 0.66)

27. Risk of Relapse

28. Table 1 Correlation Analyses between the Respondents’ Positive Criminology and Risk of Relapse

29. Risk of Relapse • Spirituality • Social Acceptance

30. stronger belief in religiousity/spiritualityand being actively involve in religious programs weekly, are associated with less tendency for relapseand instead, higher chance to maintain the sobriety (Schoenthaler, Blum, Braverman, Giordano, Thompson et al. 2015). Strong social support group in religious organizations, leads to lower risk of relapse (Moos & Moos, 2006).

31. Predictor of Risk of Relapse

32. The result has shown that social acceptance predicts risk of relapse. Social acceptance (F (104, 1) = 11.645, p<.05) contributes 10.1% to the variance of risk of Relapse. • The result implies that the more the respondents feel accepted by their community, the less likely they are to relapse. • Strong social support group in religious organizations, leads to lower risk of relapse (Moos & Moos, 2006).

33. Conclusions • The drug surrenders have high resiliency • The levels of resf restorative justice, social acceptance and spirituality are high whereas, the risk of relapse is low. • Social acceptance and spirituality relates in lowering the risk of relapse.

34. Recommendation • Family Healing/Support • Community Nurturing • Spiritual Strengthening