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Technological Scenarios For Rural Coverage

Technological Scenarios For Rural Coverage. Workshop on Access to Broadband “Universal Service Opportunities and Challenges” Sharm ElSheikh - Egypt. Amr A. Nassar NTRA - Egypt. Agenda. Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies

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Technological Scenarios For Rural Coverage

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  1. Technological Scenarios For Rural Coverage Workshop on Access to Broadband “Universal Service Opportunities and Challenges” Sharm ElSheikh - Egypt Amr A. Nassar NTRA - Egypt

  2. Agenda Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies Rural Areas Different Scenarios Conclusion National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  3. Features of Rural areas 1. Scarcity or absence of public facilities 2. Scarcity of technical personnel 3. Difficult topographical conditions, e.g. lakes, rivers, hills, mountains or deserts. 4. Severe climatic conditions 5. Low level of economic activity 6. Low per capita income 7. Underdeveloped social infrastructures 8. Low population density National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  4. Rural Coverage Challenges • High installation costs • Maintenance • Power supply resources • Coverage • Low telephone demand (revenue / line) National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  5. Rural areas Applications • Community Development • Small Business Development • Education • Health and Medicine • Environmental Monitoring and Protection • Emergency Support and Disaster Relief National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  6. Rural Telecom Models • Types of Customers • Residences • Non Residences ( e.g. : passengers on a road) • Rural Telecommunications Models • Tele-centers • Payphones • Residential Access lines: • Homes, schools, factories, …etc. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  7. Agenda Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies Rural Areas Different Scenarios Conclusion National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  8. Rural Areas Networks Rural Network consists of three major parts: 1. Switching Systems: concentrators, local switches, primary trunk center 2. Access Infrastructure: Transmission equipment and facilities for the connection of dispersed subscribers (wired or wireless) 3. Transmission Infrastructure: To gain access to the backbone switching equipment from the network side National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  9. Transmission Technologies • Optical fiber • Microwave / Wireless Radio • Useful and cost effective in many situations where fiber is not practical, such as over rough terrain or water • Satellite National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  10. Wire-line Access Technologies • Copper Cable based services • POTS, ISDN, XDSL, etc,,, • Optical Fiber + Copper Cables • Power Line Communication, PLC (e.g. : applied in Brazil). • Coaxial Cable based services • Coaxial cable television loops could be interconnected to a fiber backbone. • Current satellite and microwave radio suffer from bandwidth limitations and delay times. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  11. Wireless Access Technologies • Narrowband Packet Radio • Point to Point , Point to MultiPoint / WLL solutions: • Cordless DECT. • Fixed GSM. • CDMA (450 – 900 - 1800 MHz). • PHS. • LMDS , MMDS • BWA proprietary solutions: Canopy, IBurst, etc,,, • WiFi • WiMax • VSAT technology • GMPCS National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  12. Wireless Access Technologies • Relatively low costs when Low to medium subscribers density are located apart from each other • Short deployment time • Flexible network extension • Lower network exposure to vandalism • Reduced maintenance costs associated with physical plant in rural areas National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  13. Access Technologies Access methodology choice factors • Initial Investment Cost • Generally, more demand leads to less cost per line • Planned Services • Voice /Fax & Data /Internet • Network Security & Emergency • Service Areas • Towns, Villages or Remote Areas • Size of Service Area • Wide or Small Size of Area • Single Area or Multi Service Areas National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  14. Access Technologies Access methodology choice factors (cont.) • Topography • Flat Plain or Mountainous Areas • Demand • Large or Small Demand • Rapid or Slow Growth Forecast • Scattered or Clustered Demand Density • Existing Facilities • Digital Switch, Cable Duct, Power Source, frequency spectrum,...etc. • Distance from local switch to service area. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  15. Agenda Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies Rural Areas Different Scenarios Conclusion National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  16. Rural Solutions & Case Studies Contents: VSAT Solutions Case study – Brazil Case study – Peru Wired based solutions PP , PMP / Local Loop solutions Wireless IP solutions

  17. VSAT Solutions • A VSAT station connected to a few phone lines (Public, Business or Residential). • Voice, fax and data services. • Suitable to a low density area (<0.1 inhabitant per sq. km). • A VSAT associated with a Wired Local Loop solution. • A VSAT associated with a Wireless Local Loop solution (Cordless or Cellular). National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  18. VSAT Solutions National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  19. Case Study (Brazil) About the project • 85% of this population lives in urban areas. • 48 million fixed telephones. • 52 million mobile phones. • Services • Multipurpose tele-centres • E-health • Tele-education, e-learning • ICT training • Not aimed at basic telephony, although its users can communicate by voice over IP National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  20. Case Study (Brazil) Network Description • Star type with a connection by earth station via satellite to the Telecentres in various parts of the Brazilian territory. • The network is not connected to the National System of Telephony. • The installation of each telecentre amounts to nearly US$ 18,000.00 National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  21. Case Study (Peru) Pilot project • Area: Three villages - Chuamba, Santa Rosa de Tistes and Succlla. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  22. Case Study (Peru) National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  23. Case Study (Peru) Network Description • VSAT network to ensure interconnection to the main PSN center in Lima (2.4 m - Hughes Network Systems ). • WLL equipment to provide local wireless access. • Subscriber telephones to access the WLL network. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  24. Case Study (Peru) National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  25. Case Study (Peru) Comments on the trial • The call setup time of the DAMA system is longer than that associated with regular PSTN connections. • No complaints of dropped calls. • The areas identified by Intelsat for cost savings: • Integration of the base station controller functionality into the VSAT base band processing functionality. • Simplification of local switching within the VSAT/ WLL terminal. • Elimination of channel banks and digital-to-analog signal conversion. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  26. Rural Solutions Examples & Case Studies Contents: VSAT Solutions Wired based solutions PP , PMP / local loop solutions Wireless IP solutions

  27. Microwave Cupper Cable Local Exchange RSU Optical Fiber Wired-based Solutions • Remote Switching Unit, RSU: • Lower initial cost of an RSU than that of a host system. • Does not need large space. • Large distance between HOST system and the RSU system. • Wired (optical cable) or wireless Transmission medium. • Examples: Optical Network Unit, ONU – Remote Location Concentrator, RLC. • This model is challenged by: sparse population, rough terrain, extreme remoteness & economic barrier. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  28. Rural Solutions Examples & Case Studies Contents: VSAT Solutions Wired based solutions PP , PMP / Local Loop solutions Case study – Burkina Faso Case study – Lesotho Wireless IP solutions

  29. PMP / Local Loop Solutions • PP , PMP / Wired Local Loop solutions. • PP , PMP / Wireless Local Loop solutions: • Proprietary WLL solutions. • Cordless (DECT) WLL solutions. • LMDS (MMDS) solutions. • Cellular WLL solutions. • CDMA solutions. • GSM solutions. • PCS solutions. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  30. Case Study (Burkina Faso) At the end of December 2003 • 11,34 million of residents. • 274 200 Kms2. • Telephone lines: • 65.404 fixed lines • 227.000 cellular phone. • Tele-density = about 5 fixed lines/1000 inhabitants. • Tele-centre number is of 5672. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  31. Case Study (Burkina Faso) Rural Telephone in TENKODOGO & KOUDOUGOU • 13 villages located around the town of KOUDOUGOU. • 12 villages located around the town of TENKODOGO. • Population: 160.000 inhabitants over the 25 villages. • Provided services: residential, professional types and Tele-centre. • Exchanges are located in the localities of Koudougou and Tenkodogo National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  32. Case Study (Burkina Faso) Rural Telephone in TENKODOGO & KOUDOUGOU • The deployed system • Microwave point-multipoint (Fixed-AMRT terrestrial access) to the radio stations localized in the villages. • The subscribers are connected to the repeater or terminal by links analog 2 wire copper. • The system uses the frequency band of 2.5GHz. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  33. Case Study (Lesotho) • Telecom Lesotho contracted Siemens to install CDMA WLL system. • The total number of WLL customers is 7,042. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  34. AC Microwave Link CDMA WLL Local Exchange Case Study (Lesotho) • Used WLL system is a fixed, digital, point-to-multipoint CDMA wireless access radio. • In Lesotho, the offered service is voice only. • At the Telecom Lesotho head quarters in Maseru, the head-end equipment is the Access Concentrator (AC). • Backhaul link between each CT and the head-end AC is over microwave radio. • RF signals between the customers Subscriber Terminal (ST) and the CT use the 3.4 to 3.6 GHz band. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  35. Case Study (Lesotho) National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  36. Rural Solutions Examples & Case Studies Contents: VSAT Solutions Wired based solutions PP , PMP / Local Loop solutions Wireless IP solutions Case study - Vietnam

  37. Wireless IP solutions • Used to provide IP connectivity: • To internet backbone. • Within a group of subscribers. • Can be used to deliver Voice services using VoIP technology. • Examples: • WiFi. • WiMax. • Proprietary solutions. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  38. Case Study (Vietnam) • Location: Hatinh Town, Vietnam. • One of the poorest provinces in Vietnam. • Goal: Broadband link between General Hospital and Medical College in Hatinh province,Vietnam. • Distance: 20km. • Applications: Tele-medicine and Tele-education. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  39. Case Study (Vietnam) • Network Description • Broadband Wireless LAN system, was used to provide 10 Mbit/s • Frequency: 2.4 GHz ISM band) • Data speed: 10 Mbit/s • Max range: 20 km with directional antennas National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  40. Agenda Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies Rural Areas Different Scenarios Conclusion National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  41. Highway Highway Rural Areas Scenarios • Payphone on a road National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  42. Highway or River Rural Areas Scenarios • Residential towns around road / river. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  43. Mountains Highway or River Rural Areas Scenarios • Residential towns around road / river National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  44. Local Exchange Rural Areas Scenarios • Scattered towns around a big city National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  45. Local Exchange Rural Areas Scenarios • Far village from a big town Diameter = 2 – 4.5 Km Distance = 25 – 50 Km National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  46. Agenda Introduction Rural Areas Networks Technical Solutions & Case Studies Rural Areas Different Scenarios Conclusion National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  47. Conclusion • Technology Choice Factors • Initial Investment Cost • Planned Services • Service Areas • Size of Service Area • Topography • Demand • Existing Facilities National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  48. Technological Solutions for Rural Coverage • Using VoIP technology. • Low power technologies. • Remote access control to equipments is preferable. • Low cost equipments. • High spectral efficiency. • Lower frequencies are better suited than higher frequencies in rural areas. National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  49. Regulatory Solutions for Rural Coverage • Applying a Universal Service program • Asymmetrical interconnection costs between the PSTN and the rural operators • Technology-neutral regulations with a single regulatory regime for all types of networks and services • Elimination or reduction of license fees to operate telecom services in rural areas • Reduction in the administrative requirements to use frequency spectrum allocations in rural areas National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

  50. Thank you National Telecom Regulatory Authority - Egypt

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