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Ad-hoc Autoconfiguration Technology for IPv6 MANET

This article explores the autoconfiguration technology for IPv6 MANET, including ad-hoc routing protocols and the implementation of AODV and MAODV. It also discusses the benefits and challenges of autoconfiguration in MANET.

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Ad-hoc Autoconfiguration Technology for IPv6 MANET

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  1. Ad-hoc에서의 Autoconfiguration 기술 안소연, 정재훈 (ICU, ETRI)syahn@icu.ac.kr, paul@etri.re.kr

  2. Contents • Introduction • Ad-hoc Routing Protocols • Autoconfiguration Technology for IPv6 MANET • Conclusion

  3. Introduction (1/2) • Categories of Wireless Networks • Infrastructured Networks • Cellular Networks, Wireless LAN (WLAN) • Infrastructureless Networks • Ad-hoc Networks • Ad-hoc Networks • 유선 기반 망 (Infrastrured Networks) 없이 무선 이동단말로만 구성된 망 • Multi-hop Routing을 위해 각 이동단말이 Router 역할을 수행함 • 용도 • 긴급구조, 전쟁, 홈 네트워크, Shopping Mall, 임시 공동작업,도로에서의 차량 간의 통신, 공항에서의 티켓팅, 사무실 등.

  4. Internet WLAN Cellular Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Infrastructured N/W vs. Infrastructureless N/W

  5. Introduction (2/2) • MANET에서의 이슈 • Ad-hoc Unicast Routing • Ad-hoc Multicast/Broadcast Routing • Power Saving • Automatic Support of Networking Facility in MANET • Autoconfiguration Technology • Global Connectivity for MANET

  6. Ad-hoc Routing Protocols

  7. Ad-hoc Unicast Routing Protocols Ad-hoc routing protocols Table-driven Source-initiated Demand-driven DSDV WRP AODV DSR LMR ABR CGSR TORA SSR

  8. Table-driven (Proactive) • Characteristics • Maintenance of consistent, up-to-date routing informationfrom each node to every other node in the network • Each node • maintains one or more tables to store routing information • propagates updates of network topology • Criterion of Classification of Routing Protocols • Number of necessary routing-related tables • Methods by which changes in network structure are broadcast • Examples • DSDV, CGSR, WRP, TBRPF, OLSR

  9. Demand-driven (Reactive) • Characteristics • Creation of routes only when desired by the source node • By Route Discovery Process • Route Discovery Process is completed • Once a route is found • When all possible route permutations have been examined • Maintenance of a Route • Until the destination becomes inaccessible along every pathfrom the source • Until the route is no longer desired • Criterion of Classification of Routing Protocols • Method by which route finding is performed • Examples • AODV, DSR, LMR, TORA, ABR, SSR

  10. AODV (1/3) • AODV is improved DSDV algorithm • Reactive • Provides unicast and multicast communication (MAODV) • AODV doesn’t maintain a complete list of routes as in DSDV algorithm. • Nodes that are not on a selected path don’t maintain routing information or participate in routing table exchanges • Loop-free • AODV utilizes destination sequence numbers to ensure all routes are loop-free

  11. AODV (2/3) • Route Discovery process • When source node doesn’t already have a valid route to that destination, it initiates a route discovery process to locate the other node. • Route Discovery • broadcasts a route request (RREQ) packet to its neighbors. • Neighbors forward the request to their neighbors, and so on until either the destination or an intermediate nodewith a “fresh enough” route to the destination is located.

  12. AODV (3/3) a) Propagation of the RREQ b) Path of the RREP to the source

  13. MAODV (1/3) • MAODV works very similarly to PIM-DM. • Builds shared bi-directional tree for multicast groups • Composed of group members and connecting nodes • On-demand creation • Maintained as long as the group exists • Group Leader • Maintains and distributes group sequence number • Not a central point of failure • Provides methods to repair link, tree partition, and to reconnect tree • Messages • RREQ/RREP message to discover multicast route and add tree branch as unicast AODV • MACT message to prune tree branch

  14. N2 N5 N8 RREQ N1 Source N7 N4 N3 N6 N2 N5 N8 RREP N1 N7 Source N4 N3 N6 MAODV (2/3) a) Joining the Group b) Path of the RREP to the source

  15. N2 N5 N8 MACT N1 Source N7 N4 N3 N6 N2 N5 N8 MACT with “P” N1 Source N7 N4 N3 N6 MAODV (3/3) c) Route Activation d) Leaving the Group

  16. Implementation (1/2) • IPv6 Ad-hoc Unicast Routing Protocol • AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) Routing Protocol • AODV for IPv4 has been already implemented by several organizations including NIST. • AODV draft version 11 • Linux Kernel Version 2.4 or later • AODV for IPv6 based on NIST Kernel AODV v2.0.1 has been implemented by ETRI & ICU. • AODVv6 draft version 01 • Tested with 3 nodes in multi-hop

  17. Implementation (2/2) • IPv6 Ad-hoc Multicast Routing Protocol • MAODV (Multicast AODV) Routing Protocol • MAODV for IPv4 and IPv6 have been being implemented byETRI & ICU. • MAODV draft version 00 • Homepage http://cnlab.icu.ac.kr/project/AdhocProject.html

  18. Autoconfiguration Technologyfor IPv6 MANET Autoconfiguration Technology? Autoconfiguration Technology for IPv6 MANET Unicast Address Autoconfiguration Multicast Address Autoconfiguration Multicast Name Resolution Service Discovery

  19. Autoconfiguration Technology? • What is Autoconfiguration? • The technology that let IP-enabled devices be able to communicate one another in infrastructureless environment. • Why is Autoconfiguration needed? • To provide hosts with the automatic configuration related to networking. • To let it possible for hosts communicate when either dynamic or static configuration is impossible. • To provide the quick and easy configuration related to the network facility in MANET environment.| • Issues of IETF Zeroconf Working Group • Unicast Address Autoconfiguration • Multicast Address Allocation • Name Resolution (DNS) • Service Discovery

  20. Unicast Address Autoconfiguration AutoconfigurationTechnologyin IPv6-based MANET Service Discovery Multicast Name Resolution Multicast Address Autoconfiguration Autoconfiguration Technology for IPv6 MANET • Unicast Address Autoconfiguration • Automatic configuration of a unique IP address within the scope in which the address will be used. • Multicast Address Autoconfiguration • Allocation of a unique multicast address for the application which needs a new multicast address. • Multicast Name Resolution • Translation between name andIPv6 address • Service Discovery • Discovery of the necessary serviceon the network without priorconfiguration.

  21. Application Multicast NameResolution Ad-hoc Unicast Routing Ad-hoc Multicast Routing TCP / UDP B C D A E IPv6 Mobile Node Unicast AddressAutoconfiguration Multicast AddressAutoconfiguration Wireless Link NIC Autoconfiguration for IPv6 MANET • Network Configuration • Protocol Stack of Mobile Node

  22. 1st Try of Host A • MAC Address - a9:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff • IPv6 Address - fec0:0:0:ffff:abbb:ccff:fedd:eeff • The address of Host A conflicts with that of Host C. Host C sends NA message to Host A. MANET Prefix EUI-64 • 2nd Try of Host A • 64-bit Random Number – 1111:2222:3333:4444 • IPv6 Address - fec0:0:0:ffff:1111:2222:3333:4444 • The address of Host A doesn’t conflict with that of any other host. This address can be used as the unicast address of Host A. Random Number Unicast Address Autoconfiguration (1/2): Extended DAD Procedure in MANET • MAC & IPv6 Address of Host C • MAC Address – a9:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff • IPv6 Address - fec0:0:0:ffff:abbb:ccff:fedd:eeff Host C Host B Host A NA message NS message Router Wireless Link Where NS : Neighbor Solicitation, NA : Neighbor Advertisement

  23. Unicast Address Autoconfiguration (2/2): Procedure of Unicast Address Configuration Generation of Lower 64 bits in EUI-64 Generation of Temporary address withMANET_INIT_PREFIX and Lower 64 bits • MANET_INIT_PREFIX • fec0:0:0:fffe::/64 • MANET_PREFIX • fec0:0:0:ffff::/64 Generation of Tentative address with MANET_PREFIX and Lower 64 bits Transmission of Extended NS message Was any extended NA message received from other node? YES NO Generation of 64-bitRandom Number Configuration of Unicast address in NIC

  24. Request ofMulticast Address Allocation 16-bit 64-bit 48-bit (a) Network Prefix SubnetID Interface ID Generation of Unused Group ID 8 4, 4 16 64 32 (b) ff SubnetID Interface ID Group ID Generation of a multicast address FlagsP=1, T=1 Scope5 Delivery of the multicast address RandomNumber Multicast Address Autoconfiguration • Format of Site-local Unicast Address (a) andFormat of Site-local Multicast Address (b) • Procedure of Multicast Address Allocation

  25. Service of Multicast Application B C D • Multicast Service Scenario 1. Unicast Address Autoconfiguration - Booting of each Mobile Node (MN) - Unicast address configuration in NIC 2. Multicast Address Autoconfiguration - Run of Video-conferencing Tool & Creation of a new Session - Allocation of a multicast address 3. Advertisement of Sesstion information through multicasting (MAODV) 4. Join to the new Session in MN A 5. Join to the new Session in MN E 6. Transmission of Video/Audio data of MN A through multicasting 7. Transmission of Video/Audio data of MN E through multicasting A E Unicast Address Autoconfiguration A B C D E 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 Multicast Address Autoconfiguration

  26. Multicast Name Resolution Multicast Name Resolution (MNR) is performed by mDNS (Multicast DNS) • Procedure of the resolutionfrom domain name to IPv6 address in MNR Sender Responder MNR query (What is IPv6 address of “host.private.local.”?)via site-local multicast over UDP 1 MNR response (IPv6 address of “host.private.local.”)via unicast over UDP 2 Verification of MNR response- Does the value of the response conform to the addressing requirements? 3 If the result is valid, then the Sender caches and uses the response. else the Sender ignores the response and continues to wait for other responses. 4

  27. Service Discovery (1/2) Service Discovery can be performed by MNR & DNS SRV Resource Record • Simple Zone File containing DNS SRV resource recordsfor service discovery $TTL 3600 ;; Name to Address Lookups localhost IN AAAA ::1 ; Localhost with Loopback Address host.private.local. IN AAAA fec0:0:0:ffff::202:2dff:fe1b:e851 ; MN’s Domain Name with Site-Local Address ;; DNS SRV Resource Records _multimedia1._tcp.private.local. 4000 IN SRV 0 1 3000 host.private.local. _multimedia2._udp.private.local. 4000 IN SRV 0 1 3001 host.private.local. _service-name._protocol.domain-name TTL Class SRV Priority Weight Port Target

  28. Client Server SRV query ( “_service-1._udp.adhoc.”)via site-local multicast over UDP 1 SRV response (“ttl class type priority weight target”)via site-local unicastover UDP 2 Verification of SRV response- Does the value of the response conform to the addressing requirements? - Is the service unicast or multicast? 3 If the service is multicast,then the Sender joins the multicast group. else the Sender tries to connect the server. 4 Service Discovery (2/2) • Procedure of the service discovery throughMNR & SRV RR

  29. Project Homepage for IPv6 Ad-hoc Autoconfiguration Technology • URL • http://www.adhoc.6ants.net

  30. Conclusion • Ad-hoc에서의 라우팅, 서비스, 인터넷 연동에 있어서 IPv6는 IPv4 보다 유리함. • 주소 자동 설정, 멀티캐스트 주소 할당, DNS 서비스, 서비스 탐색 등. • Ubiquitus Networking • IPv6로 누구나 쉽게 시간과 장소에 관계없이 통신 서비스를 제공 받을 수 있음. • Future Work • Ad-hoc에서의 보안 • 유선망과 WLAN 같은 무선망보다 네트워크 보안 제공이 어렵다. • Ad-hoc 라우팅, 서비스 등의 Security 기능이 다른 네트워크 보다 더욱 필요함.

  31. References [1] Elizabeth M. Royer and Chai-Keong Toh, “A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks”, IEEE Personal Communications, April 1999. [2] Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer and Samir R. Das, “Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing”, (work in progress) draft-ietf-manet-aodv-10.txt, January 2002. [3] Elizabeth M. Royer and Charles E. Perkins, “Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) Routing”, draft-ietf-manet-maodv-00.txt, July 2000. [4] Erik Guttman, "Autoconfiguration for IP Networking:Enabling Local Communication", IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 2001. [5] Jaehoon Jeong and Jungsoo Park, “Autoconfiguration Technologies for IPv6 Multicast Service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks”, 10th IEEE International Conference on Networks, Aug. 2002. [6] Jung-Soo Park and Myung-Ki Shin, “Link Scoped IPv6 Multicast Addresses”, (work in progress) draft-ietf-ipv6-link-scoped-mcast-02.txt, July 2002. [7] Levon Esibov, Bernard Aboba and Dave Thaler, “Linklocal Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR)”, draft-ietf-dnsext-mdns-11.txt, July 2002. [8] A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie and L. Esibov, “A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)”, RFC2782, Feb. 2000. [9] Ryuji Wakikawa, et al., “Global connectivity for IPv6 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-01.txt, July 2002. [10] Thierry Ernst and Hong-Yon Lach, “Network Mobility Support Terminology”, draft-ernst-monet-terminology-01.txt, July 2002.

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