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Agriculture in Developed Countries

Agriculture in Developed Countries. Mixed crop and livestock farming Dairy farming Grain farming Livestock ranching Mediterranean agriculture Commercial gardening and fruit farming Access to markets. Mixed Crop and Livestock.

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Agriculture in Developed Countries

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  1. Agriculture in Developed Countries • Mixed crop and livestock farming • Dairy farming • Grain farming • Livestock ranching • Mediterranean agriculture • Commercial gardening and fruit farming • Access to markets

  2. Mixed Crop and Livestock • All land used to grow crops but ¾ of the income comes from the sale of animal products • Crop rotation • two-field- crop grown in one field while the other is left fallow • four-field- root crop in field A, cereal in field B, “rest” crop in field C, root crop in field D

  3. MDC Agriculture • Mixed Crop & Livestock most common west of the Appalachians, east of 98 degree long., much of Europe from France to Russia • Integration of crops and livestock • Most crops fed to animals • Manure improves soil • 3/4ths of income from sale of animal products

  4. Dairy Farming • Milkshed- the surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling • Regions specialize in “milk products” because of the distance from the markets • Problems: declining revenues, rising costs, and feeding cows in the winter

  5. World Milk Production, 2005 Fig 10-8: Milk production reflects wealth, culture, and environment. It is usually high in MDCs, especially production per capita, and varies considerably in LDCs.

  6. Dairy Farming • Near large urban areas • Increasing in LDCs • India: largest milk producer (US-2nd) • Increased distance 30 miles 300 miles • Milk or Cheese • Farther from urban areas: cheese • East: Milk, Farther West: cheese • New Zealand: Cheese

  7. Milk Production in MDCs & LDCs1960-2005 Milk production has grown more rapidly in LDCs than in MDCs since the 1960s.

  8. Dairy Farming • US decreasing dairy farms • 1980-2000: 2/3 less farms • Production of milk has increased

  9. U.S. Milk Production, 2005

  10. U.S. Cheese Production, 2005

  11. Grain Farming • “commercial grain farming” is primarily for consumption by humans • Three regions of grain production • Winter-Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma • Spring- Dakotas, and Montana • Palouse- Washington

  12. Grain Farming • Grain: seed from grasses: wheat, corn, cereals, snacks • Winter Wheat: planted in Autumn, harvested in summer • Spring Wheat: planted in spring, harvested in late summer

  13. World Corn Production, 2005 Fig. 10-7: The U.S. accounts for about 40% of world corn (maize) production. China is the 2nd largest producer. Much of the corn in both countries is used for animal feed.

  14. World Wheat Production, 2005 Fig. 10-10: China is the world’s leading wheat producer, but the U.S. is the largest producer of wheat for sale and the largest exporter.

  15. Grain Farming • Wheat = bread flour • Sold at higher price than others • More uses • Doesn’t spoil • North American prairies “bread basket” • US: largest commercial producer

  16. U.S. Wheat Farmer A U.S. wheat farmer in Idaho is selling wheat to Asian buyers.

  17. Grain Farming • Farmers can often work on both farms. • Move machinery/labor based on season

  18. Livestock Ranching • Open range vs fixed location • Longhorns or herefords

  19. Livestock Ranching • Cattle prices: $3-4 in Texas • $30-40 in Chicago • Transport cattle to market

  20. The Chisholm Trail Fig. 10-11: The Chisholm Trail became famous as the main route for cattle drives from Texas to the railheads in Kansas.

  21. Cattle Drive on the Chisholm Trail

  22. Livestock Ranching • Cattle ranching declined bc conflict with Sedentary agriculture • “Code of the West”: cattle could graze on open land • US sold “grazing land” • Longhorns: poor quality, but durable • Hereford: superior meat, not good for travel

  23. Meat Production on Ranches Fig 10-12: Cattle, sheep and goats are the main meat animals raised on ranches.

  24. Livestock Ranching • Argentina: cattle-access to ocean, easily transported to overseas markets • Australia: sheep, open grazing • Shift in ranching world-wide • Open ranges  fixed farming

  25. Mediterranean Agriculture • Most crops in Mediterranean lands are grown for human consumption rather than for animal feed. • Horticulture- the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers • Two most important cash crops are olives and grapes

  26. Mediterranean Agriculture • Mediterranean: borders sea • Hilly, mountains • 2/3 of wine production • Olives, grapes • Half of land devoted to wheat: pasta, bread

  27. Mediterranean Agriculture • California, N.Africa, Chile, S.Africa • California: losing land to development

  28. Vineyard in Portugal Grapes loaded in vineyards on slopes above the Douro River in northern Portugal.

  29. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming • US Southeast: long growing season, humid climate • Truck Farming: Jolly Green Giant • Produce fruits/vegetables for processing (canning, freezing)

  30. Von Thunen Model • Model describes what each zone should be used for in order to increase profits

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