Warm-Ups (01/25)

1. Warm-Ups (01/25) • Create a new cover-page, table of contents and warm-ups page for Unit II • Cover (Right): Unit II – Constitution & Federalism • Table of Contents (Left, Behind Cover page) • Warm-ups (Next Left)

2. Warm-Ups (09/10) • Define the following terms; • separation of powers • Checks and balances • veto

3. Warm-Ups (09/29) • Use the chart on page 68 to answer the following; • List 2 ways the Leg. Branch checks the executive branch. • List 2 ways the Leg. Branch checks the Judicial? NOTEBOOKS DUE THIS WEEK BOOKS ARE AVAILABLE THIS WEEK ONLY

4. Chapter 3 The Constitution

5. The Six Principles of the Constitution • Outline of the Constitution – separated by Preamble and Articles • Preamble – Purposes of Government • Article I – Legislative Branch • Article II – Executive Branch • Article III – Judicial Branch • Article IV – Relations among the states • Article V – Amending the Constitution • Article VI – National Debt, Supreme Law of the Land, and Oaths of Office • Article VII – Ratifying the Constitution

6. Six Basic Principles of the Constitution • Popular Sovereignty: The people are sovereign – “We the People of the United States…” • Limited Government: The government can only do those things that the people have given it the power to do • “Rule of Law”: Government and its officials are always subject to the law (not above it)

7. Separation of Powers: Three branches of government • Legislative Branch – Law-making body • Executive Branch – Enforces the law • Judicial Branch – Interprets the law • Checks & Balances: Insures no one branch is stronger than the other two

8. Judicial Review: The power of the courts to deem a law unconstitutional • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Federalism: Division of power between central government and regional government • National – State – Local

9. Formal Amendments- Art 5NO PRES/ FEDERALISM • Changing the Constitution • Method 1: ⅔ vote of each house in Congress and ¾ ratification by State Legislatures • Method 2: ⅔ vote of each house of Congress and ¾ ratification by State Conventions • Method 3: National Convention called by Congress at the request of ⅔ of the State Legislatures and ¾ ratification by State Legislatures • Method 4: National Convention called by Congress at the request of ⅔ of the State Legislatures and ¾ ratification by State Convention

10. Proposed Amendments • Can not deprive States of equal representation in the Senate • Congress does not have to propose amendment to President (b/c its technically not a law until after amended) • Can place a reasonable time limit on process (longest 202 years)

11. 27 Amendments • Bill of Rights: 1st 10 Amendment – basic rights of the people • 1st: RAPPS • 13-15: Free, Citizens, Vote • 18: No Drinking (Prohibition) • 19: Women’s Suffrage • 21: Repealed 18th

12. Informal Amendments • Basic changes without changing the words of the Constitution • Basic Legislation • Creation of the court system (All courts except the Supreme Court) • Vice Presidency vacancy • Executive Action • Executive Agreement or Treaty (Pact w/Leader) (Agreement w/Country) No Senate approval SenateApproval

13. Court Decisions • Informal Amendments • Interpretation of the laws • Unwritten Customs • Cabinet (14 Heads of Departments) advise the President • Vice Presidency vacancy (8 times before 25th Amendment) • “No 3rd Term Tradition”: FDR, elected for 4 Terms, is the only exception