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Molecular Structures Section 9.3

Explore the concept of resonance in molecules, identify resonance structures, and learn about exceptions to the octet rule. Understand why resonance occurs and when molecules exhibit exceptions. Study examples like CO3 carbonate resonance structures and exceptions like expanded octet and odd number of valence electrons. Dive into coordinate covalent bonds to explain the anomalies. Homework assignments from page 258 included.

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Molecular Structures Section 9.3

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  1. Molecular StructuresSection 9.3 Chemistry

  2. Objectives • Explain why resonance occurs, and Identify resonance structures. • Explain three exceptions to the octet rule, and Identify molecules in which these exceptions occur.

  3. Resonance Structures • Resonance Structures: a condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion. • Ex: CO3

  4. Carbonate Resonance Structures

  5. Resonance Structures • Resonance structures differ only in the position of the electron pairs, never the atom positions

  6. 3 Exceptions to the Octet Rule • There are some exceptions to the octet rule. • What do you notice about the molecule to the right?

  7. 1st Exception • Central atom has more than 8 valence electrons • EXPANDED OCTET

  8. 2nd Exception • What do you notice about the molecule to the right?

  9. 2nd Exception • Some compounds form with fewer than 8 electrons around an atom • Coordinate covalent bond: One atom donates a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to become stable

  10. 3rd Exception • What do you notice about the molecule to the right?

  11. 3rd Exception • Small group of molecules has an odd number of valence electrons and cannot form an octet

  12. Homework • 42-48(omit c in 48) page 258

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