ASSE December 2013

1. Everything You Wanted to Know about Nano-Engineered Materials *(* But Only Had an Hour)Michael Ochs, CIHJonathan Klane, M.S.Ed., CIH, CHMM, CET ASSEDecember 2013

2. What’s in a name? • Nanotechnology • Nanoscale • Nano-engineered materials (NEMs) • Nanoscience • Nanometer! • (“NanoNano!” – Mork)

3. Nanoscale: 1 nm = 10-9 m • A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick • A strand of human DNA  is 2.5 nanometers in diameter • There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch • A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide

5. Properties of Nanoscale Materials: • Nanomaterials have a larger surface area … • (When compared to an equal mass of the same material in larger form) • More chemically reactive ( toxicity) • Strength & electrical properties affected • Optical and magnetic behavioral changes

6. Hazard Identification Factors Chemical form Size Shape Surface Area Number Density Mass Agglomeration Porosity Charge Reactivity Solubility Durability Crystalline structure Purity Antigenicity

7. Different Types of Nanomaterials • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) • Single Wall (SWNT) • Multi Wall (MWNT) • Carbon Black • Fullerenes, C60 • Nanoclays • Polymeric Nanoparticles • Silver nanoparticles • Silicon Dioxide • Titanium Dioxide • Quantum Dots

10. Medical app’s: • Appetite Control • Bone Replacement • Cancer • Chemical Substitutes • Cholesterol • Diagnostic Tests • Drug Development • Hormone Therapy • Imaging • Immunosuppressant • Medical Tools

11. Health and Safety Concerns • Absorption • Ability to penetrate cellular membranes maybe able to past through blood brain barrier • Dermal • Respiratory • Human exposures to airborne nanomaterialsmust be restricted.

12. More health effects: • Mesothelioma in mice (asbestos and erionite) • Pulmonary inflammation • Possible fibrosis • Portal effect = URI

13. Exposures: • Need 3 different means of measurements • Mass = mg/day • Surface area = m2/day • Number = #/day

14. Potential pathways: • Nose … • Lower resp. tract … • Lymph … • Blood … • Brain … • CSF …

15. Nano Research at ASU: • ‘Nanoprospecting’ project: fate/transport and impact of nanomaterials (Paul Westerhoff) • Nanoscale energy transport processes (Patrick Phelan) • CNTs in ISTB2 • Others

16. Nano Research at ASU: • AZ Initiative for Nano-Electronics (AINE) • Coordinated network • nanophotonics, molecular electronics, nanoionics and computational nanoscience • ultra-low power/ultra-high speed electronics, and hybrid biomolecular electronics at the interface between the biological and electronics worlds • CSSER, LE-CSSS and Bio-Design

17. Nano Research at ASU: • ASU’s Center for Nanotech in Society – world’s largest on societal aspects • Research (RTTA and TRC) • Education (students) • Outreach (general public)

20. Traditional approach to keeping workers healthy… • Regulations • Toxicological Data • Engineering Controls • Administrative Controls • PPE

21. With nanomaterials, uncertainty creates a dilemma • Which PPE? • What Regulations? • Will Engineering Controls work? • What Toxicological Data? • Administrative Controls?

22. Can We Manage Exposures? Absolutely What Methods Are Available? The Same Ones We’ve Been Applying

23. Draft guidelines using numerous resources

24. www.goodnanoguide.org

25. www.goodnanoguide.org http://goodnanoguide.org/Nanomaterial+Occupational+Risk+Management+Matrix

26. Do you perform exposure sampling? • Quantitative sampling have been deemed not necessary for the some risk management programs • NIOSH’s strategy relies on area sampling • What PEL to reference? • Will direct air sampling work? • Particle counters are expensive

27. Occupational Exposure LimitsNIOSH • NIOSH RELs for Nanoscale substances

28. Occupational Exposure LimitsOSHA

29. Occupational Exposure Standards

30. Occupational Exposure Standards

31. EH&S Approach • Prudent industrial hygiene practice • Professional judgment • ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable

32. Determine the risk level Low – No potential for airborne Moderate– May become airborne High– Likely to become airborne

33. Determine your risk level Nanotoolkit California Nanosafety Consortium of Higher Education

34. EH&S Approach • Regulate all nanomaterial use through the Chemical Safety Committee • Engineering Controls – Biosafety Cabinet, HEPA filter in specific fume hoods or self contained animal cages • Administrative Controls • Developed General Guidelines • Use Safer Sharps • On-going evaluation of literature and studies • Exposure Assessment through EH&S • Hazard Assessment through PeopleSoft • PPE • Lab coat • Double gloving

35. Determine your risk level

36. Identify the controls needed Engineering Work Practices PPE

37. EH&S Approach • Engineering Controls – exhausted hoods • Administrative Controls • Develop General Guidelines • On-going evaluation of literature and studies • Exposure Assessment through EH&S • Hazard Assessment • PPE • Lab coat (disposable non fabric) • Double gloving

38. Determine the Controls

39. Exhaust Hoods Highlight: All airborne free particulate nanomaterialsshould be manipulated in exhausted enclosures Preferably Class II Type B2 hoods, or VAV fume hoods

40. Exhaust Hoods Prefilters & HEPA filters will be serviced by vendors using bag in / bag out methods

41. Standard Operating Procedure • Hazards • Controls • Accident and Spill Procedures • Training • Disposal

42. References

43. Conclusion • An effort to create prudent practices in the absence of regulation • Utilized existing and proven risk assessment systems • Guidelines at your site