Systems Engineering Part 2 Product Architectures

1. Systems EngineeringPart 2Product Architectures

2. What is Product Architecture? • Three related parts • The definition and the arrangement of functional elements • The mapping of these elements to physical components • The specification of interfaces among interacting physical components

3. Some System Engineer Roles. . .Formulate and structure the System • Architectural Structure • create a schematic of the product • reflects the teams best understanding of the product’s functionality • cluster the elements of the schematic • reflect geometric integration, function sharing, • vendor expertise considerations, localization of change • accommodate variety, enable standardization, • portability of interfaces (laser light, electrical vs mechanical) • create a rough geometric layout • identify the fundamental and incidental interactions between clusters • define secondary sub-systems

4. Define subsystems from clusters • Subsystem Architecture • repeat above at the subsystem level • Optimizing design across sub-system interfaces • consider migration of components • Trade Studies • Alternative technologies • Create detailed Specifications • Planned Evolutionary Changes including Technology transparency • Establishing Error Budgets, weight budgets, power budgets, etc.

5. A Function Structure for a Trailer What other functions are possible?

6. Functional Elements Components Modular Architecture

7. Types of Modular Architectures • Slot • each component has a different coupling so cannot be interchanged (instrument panel of some airplanes, some parts of back plane of computers) • Bus • Common element which all components can connect to (track lighting, Ethernet, ) • Sectional • All interfaces are the same type (set of blocks)

8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architecture ?

9. Interfaces

10. Integral Architecture

11. Examples of Integral Architecture • Fully custom VLSI chip • One piece “monkey suit’ • One room studio apartment? • All in one printer/fax/scanner? • Other?

12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a integral architecture?

15. Product Evolution • Upgrade • Add-ons • Adaptation • Wear • Consumption • Flexibility • Maintainability • Feature bundling Well-designed product architectures accommodate these life cycle changes

16. Product Families • Spin out a variety of products from a common set of modules • Reuse extensively • Fast turn-around experiments to test market acceptance of features and to satisfy different segments • Change Technology platforms infrequently

17. Trailer Example • Different load strength trailer beds (modularized) • normal or heavy duty environmental protection? • Three sets of suspension springs • Air drag streamlining or standard

18. Electronic Example • Consider Digital Design Alternatives • Breadboard SSI • Microprocessor/Microcomputer • Full Custom (Transistor by transistor) • Standard Macrocell • Gate Array • Field Programmable Logic Array

19. Comparing Design Styles Full Custom Standard Macrocell performance Gate Array FPLA Microprocessor Breadboard SSI Modularity/Speed to market

20. Modular/IntegralWhich is preferred? Feature M I • Performance • Time to Market • Cost • Upgrade • Competitive defense • Developing World

21. How to achieve product variety

22. Condition Drives style Developing World ArchitecturesGiven conditions in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular architectural style?