Livelihoods Support Systems in Jharkhand Watersheds

1. Livelihoods Support Systems in Jharkhand Watersheds B.Nijalingappa, IFS CEO- JSWM –cum –Special secretary,RDD

2. Challenges in rural Livelihoods • 80-85% area is under rain-fed mono crop, low productivity for all major crops • Only 10.20% of net sown area is irrigated • 46% of the population lives below the poverty line. • Low awareness among farming community about modern agricultural practices • Lack of on input, technological extension and marketing services • 59.40% of employment comes from agriculture and allied sector and contributes 21.70% of GSDP • About 12.5% of households do not get two square meals a day (NSSO, 55th Round) • State is mineral rich, however contributes only 3% of rural employments • Only 75.4% of households have safe drinking water and 16.8% have toilet facility. • 15.2% households have electricity connection

3. Mr. Mallikarjun Kharge, Hon’ble union minster of labour and employment informed Rajya sabha on the basis of Labour Bureau’s Survey March 2010

4. Status of Employment in Jharkhand (%) Main Worker: those who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year. Marginal Workers: those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months). SOURCE: Jharkhand Youth Policy 2007

5. Livelihood definition Livelihood means support; subsistence, occupation or employment ; means of living especially of earning enough money to feed the family and meets basic survival needs. • Meaningfully occupied • Cope with risk and shocks • Sustainable • With dignity

6. Livelihood system in WS – a paradigm shift in the focus of mainstream watershed programme towards the marginalized. Coined during the Design of IWMP …an attempt to reverse the vicious cycle of poverty, assetlessness, vulnerability, debt and exclusion….. …Provides an appropriate frame work with additional activities and budgetary provision

7. Livelihood Assessment • Handholding services • Training • Exposures • Infrastructure • Risk and shocks bearing Felt Needs Demand Pattern Prioritization Project Support • Survey in Villages • Resources • Skills • Technology • Finance • Infrastructure • Support Services • Market survey • Own Village • Shop • Trader • Vendor • Local Market • Town Market • Export to other cities/ countries Identification of Viable Activities Sustainable Activities

8. Livelihoods Support Services • Financial services • Credit/Savings/insurances • Business Development Services • Inputs/marketing/skill development • Institution development services • Formation and strengthening of CBOs • Technical and hand holding support

9. Livelihood approaches Enterprise at individual level Skill up gradation approaches Micro watershed approaches Cluster approaches/ Federation Convergence with other schemes and agencies

10. Livelihood Initiatives Initiatives to improve quality of life Food Security Sanitation Health Literacy Awareness Skill Income generating activities Land based Pisciculture Livestock NTFP/MFP Micro Enterprise & Micro Finance

11. Land and Water based Management & Livelihoods Linkage AFFOESTATION/ PLANTATION NTFP Animal Husbandry NRM based Livelihood AGRICULTURE In-situ moisture conservation FISHERY

12. Major possible rural livelihood opportunities in Jharkhand • Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) • Lac Cultivation • Tassar Cultivation • Mushroom Cultivation • Vermi Compost • Bamboo Basket Making/ Incense stick rolling • Bidirolling • Animal Husbandry • Food processing • Road -side mechanics/ Bare foot mechanic • Bio gas • Tree plantation/ agro forestry/ horticulture • Nursery raising through shed net/poly house. • Medicinal plants

14. Lac cultivation Two crops per year can be taken up. 2 varities are reared Kusumi Lac and Rangeeni Lac. Rangeeni lac (Palash and Ber) is mounted in the month of October and can be harvested in the month of February. Rangeeni lac yields 8 to 10 Kg/tree and income pre tree will be Rs.400 to Rs.500. Brood lac is mounted in the month of JULY on the host plants. May be harvested in the month of FEB. kusum tree produces 100 kg of Lac per plant. A commercial Kusum lac stick may fetch Rs: 300-350. 600 farmers are the beneficiaries of lac cultivation. Farmers are getting an income of Rs. 6000 to Rs.7000 per Kusum tree.

15. TASSAR AS LIVELIHOOD TASSAR is a bivoltine sericulture reared on Arjun and Assan trees. (june-july and oct-nov season). Cocoon gets ready for harvest after 45 days for seed crop. 90 days for commercial crops One DFL may produce 70-80 cocoons One cocoon will fetch Rs : 1-2. One farmer will be given 100 DFLs These DFLs reared on 150- 200 trees. Approximately 7000 cocoons shall be harvested. Cost of DFL and spray will cost Rs: 800 Gross Income of Rs: 10500- 14000

16. Teak Plantation Teak seedlings are raised through root /shoot cutting. 1,32,000 teak seedlings planted in 132 acres on farmers land. These seedlings have been planted in the month of July 2011 and attained the size of 2.5- 4 cm girth, after 10 years expected value of each tree would be Rs.12,000-15,000 Total no. of farmers involved is 332 and more numbers of farmer are joining this activity

17. Potato seed Production Breeder seed- Foundation seed 1- Foundation seed 2-Certified seed- Truthful seed. Seed sowing from October to November. 8-10 Qtl per acre is the seed rate. Production 120-150 Qtl per acre. varieties: kufri chandramukhi, sundri, jyoti, lalima etc. Successfully piloted with 30 farmers last year, now ready for up scaling

18. Low Cost Tree Gabion Bio Gas SRI Paddy Distribution of Solar Lantern

19. Mango Orchard development through Women SHGs at Gumla

20. Inspection of Mango Orchard development at Bedo block, Ranchi District

21. Mushroom Cultivation Livelihoods promotion Mushroom considered as a viable business activity for the ‘poor’ • Low investment • Low gestation period • Low risk • High return • use of agriculture by products • Ready market Presence of resource organization with technical know-how

24. Mushroom Cultivation

25. Vegetable Nursery Raising through Women SHGs under Shednet at Chuchu, Hazaribagh

26. Drip Irrigation and Nursury raising in East Singhbhum District

30. SHG Training on stitching at East Singhbhum

32. Solar Service Station at Getalsud, Ranchi under Convergence between TERI (Lighting of billion lives)

33. Diploma in Watershed Management course inauguration in October 2011 by Honorable Deputy chief minister of Jharkhand

34. Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi

35. Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi

37. DUCKARY AS LIVELIHOOD Duckling Hatchery facility of 6000 capacity is with RKM One month old ducklings sold @ Rs 150/ ( Khaki Cambel) Duck starts giving eggs from six months to 2 -3 years and gives 500 -600 eggs. IWMP distributes 10 (2 male and 8 female) ducks to an individual. 66 individuals are getting benefits. Cost of rearing per bird including vet care is Rs:200 Net income per bird per year will be Rs:1000

38. Goat Rearing through breed improvement The viable unit includes 1 male (Beetel breed) will service 50 Female A female produces 10 to 14 Kids in her life span. A kid matures in 1½ years with weight approximately 18 Kg. Considering per kg rate =Rs.200, a goat sells at Rs.3600 to Rs.4000. Feeding and other cost comes to e Rs. 400/Goat Per year per income will be Rs. 2700 per goat 10 Beetel procured and introduced in IWMP villages in Hazaribagh district and managed by SHG

39. Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion

40. Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion

41. Bamboo basket making by local Turis at East Singhbhum

42. Jalminar under EPA in KulhiMicrowatershed)

43. Convergence with other Departments and schemes for livelihood activities • BAU/ IGNOU-Diploma in watershed management • L&T and GVT-SGSY • National Bamboo Mission • National Horticulture Mission • MGNREGS • Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Research Programme (HARP) • KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVK)/ Zonal Research Station (ZRS) • Jharcraft • RKVY • Fishery • BRGF • NABARD • NIRD and SIRD • Other Vos/ NGOs etc

44. Few suggestions • DPR is prepared through Participatory Net Planning using GIS based digitization of proposed activities on village map. • It is proposed that a systematic convergence plan for MGNREGS, BRGF and RKVY should also be prepared and given to the respective agencies for implementation . • DWM course materials provided by IGNOU shall be translated in to Hindi. • All livelihood interventions will be based on the Business plan and RUDSETI and Banks shall also hand hold the Beneficiaries. • Integrated NRM based livelihood pilot project, to be planned with the special support from GoI • Creation of Marketing infrastructure of products and services.

45. ThanksJharkhand State Watershed Mission Phone No - 0651 – 2403019 / 2407019Fax–0651-2401974,rddjharkhand.slna@gmail.comWebsite – www.jswm.nic.in