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Subatomic Particles Atomic Structure

Subatomic Particles Atomic Structure. Is it really the smallest thing out there?. Atoms. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element These are mostly chemical properties, not physical properties. Subatomic Particles. Particles of matter that make up atoms

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Subatomic Particles Atomic Structure

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  1. Subatomic ParticlesAtomic Structure Is it really the smallest thing out there?

  2. Atoms • The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element • These are mostly chemical properties, not physical properties

  3. Subatomic Particles • Particles of matter that make up atoms • Smaller than atoms themselves • Behave differently than whole atoms

  4. Electrons • Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in an area known as the “electron cloud” • Discovered by JJ Thomson during the “Cathode Ray Tube” experiment

  5. Protons • Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of the atom • Discovered by Ernest Rutherford (& associates) during the “Gold Foil” Experiment

  6. Neutrons • Particles with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom • Discovered by James Chadwick

  7. Comparison of Subatomic Particles

  8. Atomic Nucleus • The central core of the atom • Composed of protons & neutrons • it has a positive charge • Held together by the strong nuclear force • One of the four fundamental forces in the universe • It contains almost all of the mass of the atom (very dense)

  9. Atomic Nucleus • It is a very small percentage of the volume of the atom • Marble in a football stadium • As the nucleus gets larger, it becomes harder to create and more unstable • Why?

  10. Atomic Number • The number of protons an atom contains • Found on the periodic table • The number of protons identifies the atom • Atoms of different elements will have different number of protons and different atomic numbers

  11. Number of Electrons • Whole atoms are electronically neutral • They must have the same number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge) • The atomic number is also the number of electrons an atom contains

  12. Mass Number • An (overwhelmingly) large majority of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus • Protons & Neutrons are in the nucleus • Mass Number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons

  13. Isotopes • Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons • They are the same element with a different mass • Same atomic number • Different mass numbers

  14. Identifying Isotopes • Element Name – Mass Number • Oxygen-16 • 8 protons/8 neutrons • Chlorine-35 • 17 protons/18 neutrons • Uranium-238 • 92 protons/146 neutrons

  15. Identifying Isotopes • X: elemental symbol • Z: Atomic Number • A: Mass Number

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