Welcome!

2. Welcome! Web site: www.adcp.com

3. ADCPs on Ships

4. Your instructor Title: Research Scientist, Technical Marketing Time at RD Instruments: 1990-2006 Education: Ph.D., Ocean Physics, Velocity Profilers Relevant Writings: See TRDI Web site --Tech Tips page Contact: pspain@teledyne.comCell: +1.858.254.4140 Pete Spain

5. Course objectives By completing this course, you will understand clearly • Current Surveys • Ocean Surveyor / WH Mariner • Data • Installation Concerns • Software Setup • Data QA/QC • Operational Limitations

6. Measuring Water in MotionADCPsAcoustic Doppler Current Profilers

7. Why Make Spatial Current Surveys? • Applied Science • Oceanography • Coastal Dynamics • Environmental Information • Impact statements • Advection – Dispersion modeling • Feeding behavior • Forcing on structures

8. Who/What is Teledyne RDI? • Part of Teledyne Technologies • High technology business in San Diego, California, since 1981 • Develop advanced technology systems • Make them useful to a broad range of marine/river/navigation applications • 190 staff and over $36M in 2005 sales • More than 7500 ADCPs sold worldwide • Presently 60 units per month • 24/7 Customer Support • ISO 9001-2000 certified

9. History of Innovation • 1981: First commercial ADCP in the world • 1985: First river discharge ADCP • 1991: Broadband ADCP patent • 1994: Phased array ADCP patent • 1995: Workhorse ADCP • 1999: ADCP waves array patent • 2001: Horizontal ADCP • 2002: ZedHed: Shallow-depth ADCP • 2003: StreamPro, Channel Master

10. Coastal Dynamics Chesapeake Bay Plume Offshore of North Carolina

11. Coastal Dynamics Tidally generated eddy off Three Trees Point Photo and plot courtesy of Prof. Parker MacCready (University of Washington).

12. Vessel Mounted ADCPs JAMSTEC RV Kaiyo off of Mindanao, Philippines

13. Volunteer Observing Ships Courtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National Laboratory

14. Volunteer Observing Ships Explorer of the Seas

15. Volunteer Observing Ships Oleander Courtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National Laboratory

16. Vessel Mounted ADCPs Image courtesy of the US Navy Images courtesy of Texas A&M Recovery of the Ehime Maru Image courtesy of the US Navy

17. Ancillary Data Zooplankton Migration

18. Ancillary Data Avoidance Behavior Courtesy of Gwyn Griffiths (SOC)

19. ADCP vs Current Meters

20. Moving Platforms • Speed over ground • Altitude

21. Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package • ADCP Transducer • ADCP Transducer Cable • ADCP Electronics Chassis • ADCP Data Acquisition Software

22. Phased Array / Piston Transducers Mariner Ocean Surveyor

23. Transducers

24. Cabling Options Wet end: Right Angled or Straight-in Connector Dry end: Loose or Attached

25. Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package • ADCP Electronics Chassis • Serial Comms. Interface • Attitude Interface (Synchro/Stepper) • ADCP Data Acquisition Software • ADCP Setup & Control • GPS NMEA Interface • Attitude NMEA Interface

26. Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package • Supplied by the user: • Vessel Heading Interface • Vessel GPS Interface • Dedicated Computer • Sea Chest (or well) to install the ADCP

27. Vessel Pitch/Roll Raw Data Speed Log Data Block Diagram of Vessel Mounted Setup Vessel GPS Serial (NMEA) OR Synchro/ Stepper Vessel Computer Serial (NMEA) OR Synchro Vessel Heading ADCP Chassis ADCP Transducer

28. Choosing the Frequency

29. Narrowband/Broadband

30. General Installation Concerns • Engine noise • Flow disturbance • On or off the centerline • Attitude • Large or varying magnetic fields • Fixture ringing

31. Pole Gate valve Sonde Well Moon Pool Up-looking Installation Types

32. Conceptual Well Design

33. 1.0 in 0.5 in Acoustic Windows 0.75 in 1.5 in

34. A “Typical” WinRiver Display

35. Communications Tab

36. ADCP SETUP Tab

37. AVERAGING Tab

38. A “Typical” VMDAS Display

39. Data QA/QC • Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) • Correlation • Percent Good • Error Velocity • Inter-beam Comparisons (e.g. fish screening)

40. Data QA/QC • Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) • Generally expected to decay with range • Increase with range indicates a solid object – e.g. the bottom • Low scattering concentration can result in data drop out

41. Data QA/QC • Correlation • Measure of how much the scatterer distribution has changed between measurements • In the absence of a boundary – usually sets the range

42. Data QA/QC Percent Good • Percent Good 1: Percentage of solutions that used three beams • Percent Good 2: Percentage rejected for high error velocity • Percent Good 3: Percentage rejected for having fewer than three good beams • Percent Good 4: Percentage of solutions that used all four beams

43. Data QA/QC Error Velocity Fundamental Assumption: All beams are measuring the same flow.

44. Fish Screening

45. VMDAS Data: Typical Display

46. Operational Limitations • Weak Scattering Layers • Strong Scattering Layers • Acoustic Interference • Heading Alignment Errors • Large Pitch and Roll

47. Operational Limitations Weak Scattering Layers These can cause velocity dropouts at a given depth

48. Operational Limitations Strong Scattering Layers These can cause high velocities in a layer that seem to depend on the vessel’s speed

49. Operational Limitations Acoustic Interference These can cause velocity drop outs in diagonal bands

50. Operational Limitations Current Magnitude Current Direction