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Biomes. Biomes. Contain similar average annual temperature and precipitation. Contain distinctive plant growth. For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands. For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands.
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Biomes • Contain similar average annual temperature and precipitation. • Contain distinctive plant growth
For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands
For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands
Three Types of Biomes • Tropical • Temperate • Tundra and Boreal
Three Types of Biomes • Tropical • Temperate • Tundra and Boreal • Warm and rainy – good for growing crops • Warm with less rainfall – good for growing grains • Colder regions good for harvesting lumber
Tundra • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Adaptations: • Soil nutrient level: • Permafrost:
Tundra • Temperature: Cold • Precipitation: Low • Growing season: Short – 4 months • Vegetation: small shrubs, mosses, lichens • Adaptations: can grow in shallow waterlogged soil, survive short growing seasons and cold • Soil nutrient level: Low • Permafrost: impermeable, permanently frozen layer, prevents H20 from draining and roots from penetrating (no trees)
Boreal Forest • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Adaptations: • Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why?
Boreal Forest • Temperature: Cold • Precipitation: Low • Growing season: Short • Vegetation: Coniferous and deciduous • Adaptations: Coniferous needles tolerate cold, deciduous drop leaves before cold • Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why?
Temperate Rain Forest • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil nutrient level: • Location: • Threats:
Temperate Rain Forest • Temperature: Moderate • Precipitation: High • Growing season: Long – 12 months • Vegetation: very large trees – fir, spruce, redwoods • Soil nutrient level: Low – due to coniferous needles that are slow to decompose • Location: Coastal – oceans moderate temperature and provide water vapor • Threats: Large trees are logged
Temperate Seasonal Forest • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil nutrient level: • Adaptations: • Threats:
Temperate Seasonal Forest • Temperature: Warm summers and cold winters • Precipitation: High • Growing season: 12 months • Vegetation: deciduous trees • Soil nutrient level: Rapid decomp. – fertile soil • Threats: Often cleared for agriculture due to fertile soil
Woodland/Shrubland • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil nutrient level: • Adaptations:
Woodland/Shrubland • Temperature: hot summer and mild winter • Precipitation: dry summer and rainy winter • Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter • Vegetation: yucca, scrub oak, sagebrush • Soil nutrient level: Low – leaching by winter rains • Adaptations: plants adapted to fire and drought – seeds open after intense heat, plants resprout quickly after fire
Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas) • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil Nutrient Level: • Adaptations: • Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert
Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas) • Temperature: Cold winter, hot summers • Precipitation: Dry summers • Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter • Vegetation: grasses and non woody flowering plants • Soil Nutrient Level: Rapid decomp. makes this biome very productive • Adaptations: wildfires and frequent grazing – deep roots store energy for quick regrowth • Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert
Tropical Rainforest • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil Nutrient Level: • Canopy vs. understory • Epiphytes and lianas
Tropical Rainforest • Temperature: High • Precipitation: High • Growing season: 12 months • Vegetation: More biodiversity than any other biome • Soil Nutrient Level: Warm and wet – rapid decomp. but nutrients are taken up quickly • Canopy vs. understory • Epiphytes and lianas
Tropical Seasonal Forest • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Soil Nutrient Level: • Adaptations:
Tropical Seasonal Forest • Temperature: Warm • Precipitation: Wet and dry seasons • Growing season: Long – but limited by rain • Vegetation: deciduous trees and grasses • Soil Nutrient Level: Warm temps. allow rapid decomp. - fertile soils • Adaptations: drop leaves during dry season
Desert • Temperature: • Precipitation: • Growing season: • Vegetation: • Adaptations:
Desert • Temperature: Hot • Precipitation: Dry • Growing season: Short – limited by rain • Vegetation: sparse vegetation • Adaptations: small, thick waxy layer with few pores to conserve water.Spines to protect themselves from herbivores
Lakes and Ponds • List the letter and define the zones below • _____ Littoral zone- • _____ Limnetic zone- • _____ Profundal zone- • _____Benthic zone -
Freshwater Wetlands • Define: wetlands • Differentiate • Swamps • Marshes • Bogs • What ecosystem services do wetlands provide?
Intertidal Zone • Define intertidal zone: • Describe the challenges that organisms undergo in this biome.
Coral Reefs • What is coral? • How do corals survive in low nutrient water? • Explain coral bleaching.
Oceans • List the letter and define the zones below • _____ Photic zone- • _____ Aphotic zone- • _____ Intertidal zone- • _____Benthic zone -
Oceans • Describe each mechanism as well as where it occurs • Chemosynthesis – • Bioluminescence -