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Feasibility of Retrofitting Centralized HVAC Systems for Room-Level Zoning

Feasibility of Retrofitting Centralized HVAC Systems for Room-Level Zoning. Tamim Sookoor Brian Holben Kamin Whitehouse June 7, 2012 International Green Computing Conference (IGCC ’12). U.S. energy usage*. *U.S. Department of Energy, 2006. 1. U.S. residential energy use*. Homes are

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Feasibility of Retrofitting Centralized HVAC Systems for Room-Level Zoning

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  1. Feasibility of Retrofitting Centralized HVAC Systems for Room-Level Zoning • Tamim Sookoor • Brian Holben • Kamin Whitehouse • June 7, 2012 • International Green Computing Conference (IGCC ’12)

  2. U.S. energy usage* *U.S. Department of Energy, 2006 1

  3. U.S. residential energy use* • Homes are • ~30% vacant * National Academy of Science, 2006 2

  4. U.S. residential energy use • Homes are • ~30% vacant • Smart Thermostat: 28% savings • --Sensys 2010 2

  5. U.S. residential energy use • Homes are • ~50% used • when occupied • Our goal: • Occupancy-driven • zoning 2

  6. U.S. residential energy use • Homes are • ~50% used • when occupied • Our goal: • Occupancy-driven • Zoning 2

  7. Overview • Zoning Overview • Preliminary Studies • Results 3

  8. Overview • Zoning Overview • Preliminary Studies • Results 3

  9. “Snap-in” zoning retrofit 4

  10. 5

  11. “Snap-in” zoning retrofit • Low cost • DIY: no configuration • Focus on forced air • Other systems are similar 6

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  22. Snap-in Zoning • Zoned HVAC • K sensors • K air conditioners • K sensors • One air conditioner Central HVAC • One sensor • One air conditioner • K+1 Control Signals Q1: Does room usage vary? Q2: Can a house be partially conditioned? Q3: Does partial conditioning save energy? Q4: Does leakage reduce efficiency? 8

  23. Overview • Zoning Overview • Preliminary Studies • Results 9

  24. Does room usage vary? • Smart home data set over 28 days* Bedroom Kitchen Toilet 12AM 3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 12AM * Kasteren et al. 10

  25. Can a house be partially conditioned? • Empirical Study Living Room Office Dining Room Kitchen Bedroom 11

  26. Can a house be partially conditioned? Office 12

  27. Does partial conditioning save energy? • EnergyPlus Simulation System turns off faster 13

  28. Does leakage reduce efficiency? 35 Insulation Effect 30 25 20 Energy (kWh) 15 10 5 0 4 3 2 1 0 Number of external walls 14

  29. Overview • Zoning Overview • Preliminary Studies • Results 15

  30. Experimental approach • Deployed zoning in a 7-room house • 7 sets of dampers • 21 thermostats • Controlled based on temperature • 20 days of data • Compared to whole-house conditioning 16

  31. Static Dual-Zone 17

  32. Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Evaluation method Dual-Zone … Whole house 18

  33. Energy savings 21% savings Statistically significant at alpha = 0.15 19

  34. Zone airflow 20

  35. Zone airflow 20

  36. Zone airflow 20

  37. Zone airflow 20

  38. Total airflow 21

  39. Conclusions • “Snap-in” Zoning • Cheap, easy, & energy saving • Many challenges have to be overcome • Equipment safety, occupancy prediction • Results indicate potential for energy savings 22

  40. Credits & Questions • Tamim Sookoor, Brian Holben, Kamin Whitehouse

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