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The HUMAN BODY

The HUMAN BODY. Chapter 33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. Chapter 33.1 Circulatory System. Objectives Identify the function of the circulatory system Describe structure of heart and explain how it pumps blood through the body

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The HUMAN BODY

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  1. The HUMAN BODY Chapter 33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

  2. Chapter 33.1 Circulatory System • Objectives • Identify the function of the circulatory system • Describe structure of heart and explain how it pumps blood through the body • Name three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system

  3. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • Function: • Using blood and blood vessels, this system delivers nutrients and oxygen for body cells and carries away Carbon Dioxide and other wastes

  4. Components of system • Heart • 4 chambers: • 2 atria (upper)- receives blood • 2 ventricles (lower)- pumps blood -Separated by atrioventricular (A-V) valves -Right and Left sides separated by the septum

  5. Components cont’d • Blood Vessels • Veins- carry blood to the heart (some have valves) • Arteries- carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries- small vessels that connect veins/arteries *(where nutrients/wastes pass in/out of blood stream)

  6. Blood Vessels

  7. Paths of Circulation • Pulmonary Circulation • Right Atrium • Right Ventricle • Lungs (picks up O2 and drops off CO2) • Left Atrium

  8. Paths of Circulation • Systemic Circulation • Left Atrium • Left Ventricle • Aorta • Body (drops off O2 and picks up CO2) • Right Atrium

  9. Blood Pressure • Force exerted on blood vessels walls by blood • Normal: below 120/80 • Too high  stroke or heart attack

  10. Check-in • Heart chambers that receives blood • Atria • Heart chambers that pumps blood • Ventricles • Right and left sides of heart separated by • Septum • Atria and ventricles separated by • Atrioventricular (A-V) valves

  11. Check-in • Type of vessel where nutrients pass in/out • Capillaries • Type of vessel that carries blood to heart • Vein • Vessel that carries blood away from heart • Artery • Pressure that blood exerts on vessel walls • Blood pressure

  12. Check-in • Describe pulmonary circulation • R heart to lungs to L heart • Describe systemic circulation • L heart to body to R heart • Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood? • Left side

  13. Chapter 33.2 Blood and Lymphatic System • Objectives • Explain functions of blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets • Describe the role of the lymphatic system

  14. Blood Components • Blood has 4 components: • Plasma- liquid portion • Red Blood Cells (RBC)- carries oxygen to cells using hemoglobin • White Blood Cells (WBC)- defend body against germs • Platelets- cell fragments used to clot blood

  15. What blood component? • Carries nutrients • Fights infections • Clots blood • Carries oxygen • Contains hemoglobin • Is the liquid portion • Makes up most of the cells of blood Plasma WBC Platelets RBC RBC Plasma RBC

  16. Lymphatic System connection • Lymph (fluid) moves through a network of vessels, nodes, and organs in order to… • collect fluid lost by blood • help in nutrient absorption • aid in immune response

  17. Elephantaisis (Filarial lymphodema) Caused by parasitic worms damaging tissue- lymph fluid builds up in the tissues

  18. Chapter 33.3 Respiratory System • Objectives • Identify the structures of the respiratory system and describe their functions • Describe gas exchange • Describe how breathing is controlled • Describe the effects of smoking on the respiratory system

  19. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Function: • Bring Oxygen into the body • Remove Carbon Dioxide and Water

  20. Pathway of Air • Nose- warms, moistens air • Throat (pharynx) • Larynx- produces sound, contains vocal cords • Trachea- aka windpipe, carries air from throat to chest

  21. Pathway of Air cont’d • Bronchi- tubes that carry air into lungs • Bronchioles- smaller branching tubes • Alveoli- tiny air sacs in lungs where gases exchange

  22. Connection with Circulatory System • Air enters alveoli • Alveoli covered with capillaries • Oxygen diffuses into blood and binds with hemoglobin • Carbon Dioxide, etc. diffuses out of blood

  23. How Breathing Works • The DIAPHRAGM contracts and pulls down • Chest/Rib muscles pull up at same time • Chest expands • Air pressure decreases air goes in

  24. Lung Capacity • Tidal volume: volume of air a person breathes in/out in normal relaxed breathing • Vital capacity: maximum volume a person can breathe out after breathing in fully

  25. Health Hazard: Smoking! • Tobacco: Scientific Discoveries • Look for: • What three dangerous chemicals are in cigarettes? • What diseases are caused by smoking?

  26. Smoking is Sexy!

  27. Check-in • Another name for throat: • Pharynx • Another name for voice box: • Larynx • Another name for windpipe: • Trachea

  28. Check-in • Flap of tissue that covers trachea to prevent choking when you swallow: • Epiglottis • What is the path of oxygen from air to alveoli? • Nose  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli

  29. Check-in • What two muscles are involved in breathing? • Diaphragm and rib cage muscles • What protein in RBC binds with oxygen? • Hemoglobin • What three dangerous substances does smoking bring into the body? • Nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide

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