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What is normal aging?

What is normal aging?. Changes in the various systems Cardiac Respiratory Gastrointestinal Musculoskeletal Neurological Sensory Endocrine Genitourinary/Reproductive Integumentary. CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES. Changes in blood vessel walls, heart valves Decreased cardiac output

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What is normal aging?

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  1. What is normal aging? • Changes in the various systems • Cardiac • Respiratory • Gastrointestinal • Musculoskeletal • Neurological • Sensory • Endocrine • Genitourinary/Reproductive • Integumentary

  2. CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES • Changes in blood vessel walls, heart valves • Decreased cardiac output • Decreased peripheral circulation • Increased systolic blood pressure • Increased pulmonary vascular tension

  3. RESPIRATORY CHANGES • Decreased cough reflex • Decreased cilia ( removal of airway irritants) • Decreased vital capacity • Fewer alveoli • Increased chest wall rigidity/airway resistance

  4. GASTROINTESTINAL CHANGES • Decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes • Smooth muscle changes -decreased esophageal peristalsis -decreased small intestinal motility • Periodontal disease

  5. MUSCULOSKELETAL • Decreased muscle mass and strength • Decalcification of bones • Degenerative joint changes

  6. NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES • Degeneration of nerve cells • Decrease in neurotransmitters • Decrease in rate of conduction of impulses

  7. SENSORY CHANGES - EYE- accommodation to near/far; lens changes EARS-loss of acuity; tympanic membrane changes TASTE- often diminished with fewer taste buds SMELL-often diminished TOUCH- skin receptors

  8. ENDOCRINE CHANGES • GENERAL-hormone production altered • THYROID- decreased secretion • THYMUS-involution of thymus gland • CORTISOL- anti-inflammatory hormone • PANCREAS- secretion of enzymes & hormones

  9. GENITOURINARY/REPRODUCTIVE URINARY- fewer nephrons -decreased bladder capacity Male- enlarged prostate Female- reduced sphincter tone REPRODUCTIVE Male- sperm count diminishes - smaller testes Female- degeneration of female organs - decreased estrogen production

  10. INTEGUMENTARY CHANGES • Loss of skin elasticity • Pigmentation changes • Glandular atrophy • Thinning hair • Atrophy of epidermal arterioles

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