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Lecture #1

Lecture #1. Office Management Tools Saima Gul. Computer Application. Education Banking System Aerospace Business & Marketing Government Entertainment. What is a Computer?. System Unit.

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Lecture #1

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  1. Lecture #1 Office Management Tools Saima Gul

  2. Computer Application • Education • Banking System • Aerospace • Business & Marketing • Government • Entertainment

  3. What is a Computer? System Unit A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), processit into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use

  4. History & Evolution Abacus Mechanical Calculator Difference Engine Analytical Engine 1944 MARK I Howard Aiken at Harvard University 1951 - UNIVAC1 first commercial computer 1954 - Hewlett and Packard Met and setup shop in Garage at Silicon valley

  5. Abacus

  6. Difference Engine Analytical Engine

  7. Mechanical Calculators

  8. UNIVAC 1

  9. 1969 – Internet was founded 1975 – Microsoft Founded Bill Gates with Paul Allen 1976 Apple I and Apple II 1981-IBM PC PC was introduced. 1989 – WWW Invented by Tim Berners-Lee

  10. 1994 – Netscape Founded by Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen Many more….

  11. OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT Question - What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), processit into useful information (output), and store it in a storage device for future use

  12. Computer Generation • 1stGeneration • 2nd Generation • 3rd Generation • 4th Generation • 5th Generation

  13. 1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes • Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes or sometimes magnetic drum • Gave off so much heat that even if they were cooled by gigantic air conditioners. • Input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tapes IBM Punched Card (input) Magnetic Tapes (output) Vacuum Tubes (memory)

  14. UNIVAC ENIAC

  15. 2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor • an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes • These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce • Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.

  16. Minicomputer

  17. 3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integrated Circuit • An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor. • The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers. • Keyboards and monitors were used. • Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

  18. Minicomputer

  19. 4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor • A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it. • Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in speed. • These circuit integrations are known as Large-scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits • Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers.

  20. 5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence • Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans. • The branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively • AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc..

  21. 3 Directions of Computer Development •  size • Everything has become smaller •  power • Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more power into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage capacity. •  expensive • The price of the hardware is getting cheaper

  22. Classification of Computers (1) Supercomputers • The mightiest computer • The most expensive. • process billions of instructions in a second • used by some exclusive group only (2)Mainframes • Process data at very high speed • less expensive than Supercomputer • used for processing large amount of data • user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe

  23. (3)Workstations • Powerful desktop computers • Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications,software development, application that require a high amount of computing power

  24. (4)Mobile Computing • Small, portable, wireless communication device. • Ex: laptops, wearable computers, PDAs, USB flash drives.

  25. (5)Servers • designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network resources. • Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server. • Server computers usually have following characteristics: • Designed to be connected to one or more networks • The most powerful CPUs available • Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks • Large memory and disk storage • High-speed communications capabilities

  26. (6)Microcomputers / PC • The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase. • Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.

  27. Types of PC • Mini – tower • Desktop

  28. Why are COMPUTERSso Useful? • Storage • Reliability • Speed • Accuracy • Communication

  29. The End

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