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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. The Brain /Body System. The Brain Body Connection. The Neuron. The Neuron. The brain’s most basic functional unit. The Neuron. Soma. Dendrites. Myelin Sheath. Axon Terminals. Axon. The Neuron. Soma (cell body) – contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. The Brain /Body System

  3. The Brain Body Connection

  4. The Neuron

  5. The Neuron • The brain’s most basic functional unit

  6. The Neuron Soma Dendrites Myelin Sheath Axon Terminals Axon

  7. The Neuron • Soma (cell body) – contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles • Dendrites – receive info • Axon – transmits info • Myelin sheath – covers the axon to increase transmission speed (cause of sensory and motor disturbances in multiple sclerosis)

  8. Action Potentials

  9. Action Potentials • How neurons transfer info • Changes neuron’s membrane potential • Rising phase – membrane depolarizes • Overshoot • Falling phase – membrane repolarizes • Undershoot • Restoration of resting potential

  10. The Synapse

  11. The Synapse • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptors on another neuron • Neurotransmitters released, taken up again by first neuron

  12. Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine – movement (respiratory paralysis) • Serotonin – mood, sleep, appetite, anxiety (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder) • Dopamine – motivation, pleasure (schizophrenia, Parkinson’s) • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine – attention, anxiety, stress (epilepsy, mania in bipolar disorder)

  13. Neuropharmacology

  14. Reuptake Inhibitors • Prevent reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synapse • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors • Example: Prozac • Treats depression, OCD, panic disorder

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