Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism (Aspek Sosial dan Kultural Pariwisata) Week 11

2. Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism(Aspek Sosial dan Kultural Pariwisata)Week 11 Matakuliah : V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan Pariwisata Tahun : 2008

3. Subject Social and cultural impacts (Dampak-dampak sosial dan kultural pariwisata) Effects on social behavior and values (Dampak terhadap perilaku dan nilai-nilai sosial) Effects on local culture (Dampak terhadap budaya lokal) HO@0808

4. Tourism Components and SupplyWeek 11 Objectives: On completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: • explain the effect of travel on individual travelers • explain the social and cultural impacts of tourism for the local community in the host country and the influence of tourism on the social behavior, values and culture in the host society HO@0808

5. IntroductionWeek 11 • Social relationship, created by travel between visitors and the community visited differ greatly from the social relationship among the indigenous population • There are prescribed methods of managing tourist-host relationships which are very important for creating significant advantages for the visitors and the host country • The development of, or an increase in tourism have great social and cultural impact on the society in the host country as well as individual travelers and society of the original country HO@0808

6. Effect of Travel on Individual TravellersWeek 11 • Travel experiences have a profound affect on the traveler, because travel experiences are often among the most outstanding memories in the travelers’ life • Travelers face various problems: • Strange location • Unfamiliar environment (geographically, personally, socially and culturally) • Situations that are different from those at home HO@0808

7. Effect of Travel on Individual TravellersWeek 11 • They have to manage intensely • The resources of money and time • Social interactions and social relations to obtain sustenance, shelter and other needs • They have to decide the degree of contact they would like to build with the new cultures: deep immersion in local way of life (life-seeing tourism) or simply to see the high points of the location visited. HO@0808

8. Effect of Travel on Individual TravellersWeek 11 • The excitement of preparation and actual travel experiences with some degree of adventure and memorable occasions of the traveler’s life • All these bring about an increased appreciation of the quality of life in society that the traveler visits HO@0808

9. Effect of Travel on Society in the Generating CountryWeek 11 • Travel has a significant influence on the community of the travelers’ country of origin. It increases national understanding and appreciation the other people • Government of progressive nations encourage their citizens to travel, especially domestic travel, as a means of acquainting them with other countries and/or other parts of their countries and building appreciation for the homeland HO@0808

10. Effect of Travel on the Host CountryWeek 11 • When tourist enter the host country, they do not just make purchase. They also influence the local communities: they bring about social, cultural and structural change HO@0808

11. Effects on Social Behaviour and ValuesWeek 11 • When tourists enter a country, they bring money and cause amenities to be set up for their use. But, they also bring a different type of behavior which can modify local social habits by upsetting the long-established norms of the host population • Tourism creates social events which may lead to structural changes in the society: accept the effects of overcrowding, modify their way of life (work longer, increase in seasonal work, etc) and live in close contact with a different type of population which may lead to social tension and xenophobia HO@0808

12. Effects on Social Behaviour and ValuesWeek 11 • Interaction of divergent groups of people leads to change of social values and local attitudes. There is a decline in moral and religious values, resulting in increased criminal activities • The excesses of tourism may have very damaging consequences: • The transformation of traditional hospitality into commercial practices which results in economic super ceding personal relationship • The appearance of consumerist behavior, relaxation of morals, begging, prostitution, drug-taking, loss of dignity and frustration in failing to satisfy new needs (inspired by visitors’ high material standard and values) HO@0808

13. Effects on Social Behaviour and ValuesWeek 11 To avoid conflict • The coexistence between the visitors and the host population is not always easy and sometimes can lead to social tension and xenophobia • However, tourism is essentially a human activity, therefore conflicts between visitors and the host community should be avoided. HO@0808

14. Effects on Social Behaviour and ValuesWeek 11 • Human relations should be developed. The behavioral patterns of the visitors must be acceptable or tolerable to the host community • Local population should be recognized as part of cultural heritage; they merit protection as much as other aspects of the tourist destination HO@0808

15. Effects on Social Behaviour and ValuesWeek 11 Parameters of Tourism Acceptance • The acceptance of tourism by the community is subject to numerous qualitative parameters: • The socio-professional structure of the local population • The level of education • The knowledge of tourism • The standard of living • The strength of culture and institutions (=customs, established social systems) HO@0808

16. Effects on CultureWeek 11 The Disadvantages • Tourism may generate social costs Example: the threat to traditional customs specific to each country/ region • On the contrary, tourism may encourage the maintenance of certain original traditions to attract holiday makers HO@0808

17. Effects on CultureWeek 11 • The commercialization of traditional cultural events leads to the conflict between the economic interest and the cultural significance • It brings about the creation of pseudo-culture, ersatz folklore for tourists without any cultural value to tourists and the local people HO@0808

18. Effects on CultureWeek 11 The Advantages • Well-organized tourism, which is designed to respect the physical and human environment, can favor contacts between holidaymakers and the local population • Tourism will encourage cultural exchange • It will lead to friendly and responsible enjoyment • It will strengthen links between countries HO@0808

19. Effects on CultureWeek 11 Other Advantages include: • Tourism constitute a method of developing and promoting poor and non-industrialized regions, where traditional activities are on the decline • Example: • Tourism replaces sugar cone cultivation in many Caribbean countries • Tourism slows the drift to urban environments • Tourism conserve tradition and lifestyles • The income and employment opportunities arising from tourism provide stability to community life HO@0808

20. Effects on CultureWeek 11 Other Advantages include: (cont.) • Tourism can ensure the long term conservation of areas of outstanding natural beauty • Tourism may renew local architectural traditions • Tourism contributes to the rebirth of local arts and crafts and traditional cultural activities • Tourism may offer a way to revive the social and cultural life of the local population, thus reinforcing the community HO@0808

21. THANK YOU AND HAVE A GOOD DAY HO@0808