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A One Health approach to the spatial epidemiology of tapeworm in rural Kenya:

A One Health approach to the spatial epidemiology of tapeworm in rural Kenya: Linking human and animal health Dr Nicola Wardrop Senior Research Fellow. Background. Zoonotic diseases Transmit from animals to humans Burden on animal and human health Agricultural losses.

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A One Health approach to the spatial epidemiology of tapeworm in rural Kenya:

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  1. A One Health approach to the spatial epidemiology of tapeworm in rural Kenya: Linking human and animal health Dr Nicola Wardrop Senior Research Fellow

  2. Background • Zoonotic diseases • Transmit from animals to humans • Burden on animal and human health • Agricultural losses One Health approach needed for control Still significant gaps in understanding

  3. Pork Tapeworm Taenia solium

  4. Background • Distinct disease outcomes • Human taeniasis • Human cysticercosis • Pig cysticercosis • Previous detection of spatial clustering • Possible environmental drivers (widely accepted for other similar diseases) Presumed spatial overlap

  5. Aims • Develop analysis framework for integration of human and animal health outcomes • Examine evidence of spatial overlap between human and pig infections • Assess the potential role of environmental factors in the spatial distribution of human and pig infections

  6. Methods 416 households • 2113 humans • Taeniasis • Cysticercosis • 93 pigs • Cysticercosis

  7. Methods Exploratory spatial analysis • Assessment of spatial concurrence • Bivariate kernel density estimation (spatially smooth relative risk surface) • Spatial cluster detection Regression analysis • Assess importance of individual and household level factors (including environment)

  8. Results • Clear areas of elevated risk • Some overlap, but not widespread

  9. Results Human taeniasis Cultural practices (e.g. meat eating, sanitation) Infection via eating infected meat Indirect effect on egg viability?

  10. Results Human cysticercosis Behaviour and exposure Related to knowledge & practices Contamination Egg survival or probability of exposure

  11. Results Pig cysticercosis (single level model) Length of exposure Egg survival or probability of exposure

  12. Discussion & conclusions • Good example of One Health analysis • Spatial clustering, but not much overlap • Some evidence of environmental influences Limitations • Small sample size for pig infections • Spatial density of sampling

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