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Earth’s Oceans Part I

Earth’s Oceans Part I. Source: CK12.org Earth Science Chapter 14 Author: Robert G. Smith. Significance of the Oceans. oceans, along with the atmosphere, keep temperatures fairly constant worldwide Earth: -70 to 55 Celsius Mercury: -180 to 430 Celsius

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Earth’s Oceans Part I

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  1. Earth’s Oceans Part I Source: CK12.org Earth Science Chapter 14 Author: Robert G. Smith

  2. Significance of the Oceans • oceans, along with the atmosphere, keep temperatures fairly constant worldwide • Earth: -70 to 55 Celsius • Mercury: -180 to 430 Celsius • Earth temperature is moderated by water takes a long time to heat up or cool down

  3. Tallest and deepest • Earth’s tallest mountain isMauna Kea volcano, which rises 10,203 m • Deepest canyon is also on the ocean floor, the Challenger Deep in the MarianasTrench, 10,916 m

  4. Marine Life • Marine life makes up the majorityof all biomass on Earth. • Biomass is the total mass of living organisms in a given area.

  5. Salinity • Salts comprise about 3.5% of the mass of ocean water, but the salt content or salinity isdifferent in different locations • Dead Sea has 30% salinity—nearly nine times the averagesalinity of ocean water

  6. Composition • Water density increases as: • salinity increases • temperature decreases • pressure increases The average depth of the ocean is 3,790 m • three major factors that makethe deep ocean hard to inhabit are the absence of light, low temperature, and extremely high pressure

  7. Vertical Water Divisions - Photic • scientists define the water column by depth • Sunlight only penetrates the sea surface to a depth of about 200 m, creating the photic zone • Organisms that photosynthesize depend on sunlight for food and so are restricted to the photic zone

  8. Vertical Water Divisions - Aphotic Zone • aphotic zone there is not enough light for photosynthesis • makes up the majority ofthe ocean, but has a relatively small amount of its life, both in diversity of type and in numbers

  9. Horizontal Ocean Divisions • Nearest to the shore lies the intertidal (littoral) zone, the region between the high and low tidal marks • Neritic zone is from low tide mark and slopes gradually downward to the edge of the seaward side of thecontinental shelf • Oceanic zone is the entire rest of the ocean from the bottom edge of the neritic zone, where sunlight doesnot reach the bottom

  10. Ocean Zones - Graphical

  11. Vocabulary Review • aphotic zone • biomass • intertidal zone • neritic zone • oceanic zone • photic zone • salinity • water column

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