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Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview. 32.1 The Skeletal System. Bone Activity . Split into 4 equal groups Each group needs their own lab table. Functions of the Skeletal System

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Lesson Overview

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  1. Lesson Overview 32.1 The Skeletal System

  2. Bone Activity  • Split into 4 equal groups • Each group needs their own lab table

  3. Functions of the Skeletal System • The skeleton supports the body, protects internal organs, assists movement, stores minerals, and is a site of blood cell formation.

  4. Structure of the Skeleton • There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton that make up 2 different parts of the skeleton: the axial skeleton and others are in the appendicular skeleton.

  5. Structure of the Skeleton • The axial skeletonsupports the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage.

  6. Structure of the Skeleton • The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the arms and legs, along with the bones of the pelvis and shoulder area.

  7. Bones • Bones are a solid network of living cells surrounded by calcium deposits • Within many bones are cavities that contain a soft tissue called bone marrow • Yellow marrow consists of cells that store fat. • Red marrow contains stem cells that produce most types of blood cells

  8. Development of Bones • The skeleton of a human embryo is composed of cartilage. • Cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during the process of bone formation called ossification, which begins up to seven months before birth.

  9. Development of Bones • Osteoblasts—forms bone tissue bysecreting mineral deposits that replace the cartilage in developing bones (“Blasts build bone”) • Osteocytes—mature bone cells that maintain the minerals in bone tissue and continue to strengthen the growing bone (“cyte” means “cell”)

  10. Bone Remodeling and Repair • Bones are remodeled throughout life by osteoblasts, which continue to build bone tissue, and osteoclasts—cells that break down bone minerals. (“Clasts cut bone”) • Without the continual breakdown of old bone and buildup of new bone, bones would become brittle and weak.

  11. Joints • Joint—a place where one or more bones meet another bone   • Joints permit bones to move without damaging each other

  12. Types of Joints • Depending on its type of movement, a joint is classified as immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable.

  13. Immovable Joints • Immovable joints, often called fixed joints, allow no movement. • Bones are interlocked and grow together until they are fused (example: skull bones)

  14. Slightly Movable Joints • Slightly movable joints permit a small amount of movement (example: joints between vertebra) • Unlike the bones of immovable joints, the bones of slightly movable joints are separated from each other.

  15. Freely Movable Joints • Freely movable joints permit movement in two or more directions(examples: hip joint and shoulder joint)

  16. Structure of Joints • Ligaments—hold bones together in a joint (connect bone to bone)

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