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Chapter 3 Matter & Changes Mrs. Booker, CHS

Chapter 3 Matter & Changes Mrs. Booker, CHS. 3*1 Properties of Matter 3*2 Changes in Matter 3*3Mixtures in Matter 3*4Elements and Compounds. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Color Hardness Density Boiling point Melting point State Conductivity Make-up. How a substance looks or feels

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Chapter 3 Matter & Changes Mrs. Booker, CHS

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  1. Chapter 3 Matter & ChangesMrs. Booker, CHS 3*1 Properties of Matter 3*2 Changes in Matter 3*3Mixtures in Matter 3*4Elements and Compounds

  2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Color • Hardness • Density • Boiling point • Melting point • State • Conductivity • Make-up • How a substance looks or feels • Can be observed without changing the identity (chemical composition) of a substance

  3. 3*1 STATES of MATTER physical property SOLIDS LIQUIDS DEFINITE VOLUME NO SHAPE PARTICLES SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER INTERMEDIATE AMOUNT OF ENERGY Example - WATER HAS SPECIAL PROPERTIES such as surface tension, specific heat capacity and density anomaly • DEFINITE SHAPE • DEFINITE VOLUME • PARTICLES CLOSE TOGETHER • PARTICLES VIBRATE IN PLACE • PARTICLES STAY TOGETHER • LEAST ENERGY OF ALL STATES

  4. WATER hyperlink to Hippocampus.org • http://www.hippocampus.org/Biology;jsessionid=B6915C63FDD9E989D4229EB870A46A67 • Biology • Water and Life overview • Watch all 4 segments

  5. 3*1 STATES of MATTER GAS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9WYweBA6vA&NR=1&feature=fvwp GAS LAWS apply LAWS show relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of gases Often called vapors • MOST energetic of all states( jump!) • NO DEFINITE SHAPE • NO DEFINITE VOLUME • PARTICLES HAVE ESCAPED BOUNDARY OF OTHER PARTICLES • MOST COMPRESSIBLE of all STATES

  6. 3*2 Physical Changes • boil • freeze • Condense • vaporize • melt • grind • crumple • crush • IDENTITY of substance does not change • DESCRIPTION of how the substance looks or feels • Physical PROPERTIES include density, boiling point , and freezing point

  7. 3*2 CHEMICAL CHANGES • Can be symbolized using chemical equations that shows relationships between reactants and products • reactants→ products • yield NEW SUBSTANCES with NEW PROPERTIES! • Balanced equations a MUST to show LAW of CONSERVATION of MASS • Arrow reads YIELDS

  8. 3*2CONSERVATION of MASS problems • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibnIWn0omLQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whNKZI5QzAI • Just make sure the mass on the reactant and product sides of an equation are equal!! Remember – matter doesn’t just go poof !

  9. 3*3 MIXTURES of MATTER • MIXTURES are combinations that are not exact and can be classified as • HOMOGENEOUS or HETEROGENEOUS (same throughout)

  10. 3*3 PROCESSES are • USED to separate mixtures into their components • Distillation (uses BP) • Filtration (solid from liquid) • Crystallization (solid, pure particle from solution) • Chromatography (special paper)

  11. 3*4 ELEMENTS • Cannot be separated into simpler substances • Rows – periods–series • Column Ï family Ï group Ï • Are all on the periodic table • MEMORIZE the first 20 element symbols ASAP!

  12. 3*4 COMPOUNDS • Represented by combinations of element symbols with subscripts showing exact numbers of atoms per element • No subscript indicates one atom of that element • CHEMICAL FORMULA is the name for the compound’s specific make-up • Examples: H₂O H₂O₂ water hydrogen peroxide

  13. LAW of DEFINITE PROPORTIONSproblems • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dWdMqZ2UOU % = #/total # x 100 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OOcpiTiXzM&feature=related

  14. 3*4 LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS • The ratio that elements combine to form compounds can always be expressed by small whole numbers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dWdMqZ2UOU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhfeXX9mKrk&feature=related chemdog8 on youtube

  15. Carl Sagan (10 minutes) Periodic Table • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_hF9zq4QXU&feature=fvwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whNKZI5QzAI

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