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FEMT 101 DENDROLOGY

FEMT 101 DENDROLOGY. Species’ Characteristics Lab. Aceraceae – Maple Family Acer ginnala – Amur maple (exotic). Size and Form – small shrubby tree, less than 5m tall Bud – opposite arrangement small with reddish-brown lateral buds, terminal bud blunt with lateral bud beside it

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FEMT 101 DENDROLOGY

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  1. FEMT 101DENDROLOGY Species’ Characteristics Lab

  2. Aceraceae – Maple FamilyAcerginnala – Amur maple(exotic) • Size and Form – small shrubby tree, less than 5m tall • Bud – opposite arrangement small with reddish-brown lateral buds, terminal bud blunt with lateral bud beside it • Twig – stiff and shiny reddish-brown, with light coloured lenticels • Leaf –simple, 8 -10cm long, narrowly triangular, distinct lobes (basal lobes), serrated, brilliant red fall colours • Fruit – drooping clusters, paired samara (parallel wings) • Site – possible landscape tree

  3. Aceraceae – Maple FamilyAcernegundo – Manitoba maple (native) • Size and Form – medium sized tree (up to 20m tall), 75cm diameter, 60 year lifespan • Bud – opposite arrangement with blunt terminal bud, covered with fine hairs • Twig – stout, thick and hairless, covered with a glaucous (white) bloom on older twigs • Leaf – odd-pinnately compound, 3-9 leaflets • Fruit –paired samara (45 degree angle), 30-50mm long • Bark – furrowed, narrow ridges • Site –lakeshores, riverbanks, flood plains

  4. AceraceaeAcersaccharium – Silver Maple • Size and Form – medium to large tree up to 35m tall, 100cm in diameter at 130 years old • Bud – opposite arrangement, terminal bud 3-4mm long, blunt, twice as long as wide, shiny, reddish, smooth, usually 4 pairs of scales • Twig – shiny red to grayish-brown, hairless, dwarf shoots will have clusters of flower buds, unpleasant odor when bruised • Leaf –simple, 15-20cm long, 5-7 lobes that are widest above the base, coarse, sharp irregular teeth, central lobe is separated by deep narrow notches, upper surface is light green silvery white underside • Fruit – paired samara, 40-70mm long, 90º angle between the wings • Bark – smooth, gray when young, older trunk bark is dark reddish brown with long thin narrow flakes giving it a shaggy look • Site – rich, moist lowlands bordering streams and lake shores

  5. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyAlnusincana – Speckled alder(native) • Size and Form – tall shrub, up to 8m tall • Bud – alternate arrangement, stalked, blunt, reddish-brown, often 3 ranked • Twig – lenticels, reddish-brown, moderately slender • Leaf – elliptical, double-serrated, simple • Fruit –pollen and seed catkins, mature cone-like catkin with very narrow winged nutlet • Site – found along water ways

  6. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyAlnusviridis – Green alder(native) • Size and Form – large shrub (up to 3m tall), multi-stemmed • Bud – alternate arrangement, un-stalked, sharp-pointed, brownish-red, 3 ranked • Twig – lenticels, moderately slender • Leaf – oval, double-serrated (fine teeth), simple • Fruit – pollen and seed catkins, mature cone-like catkin with wide winged nutlet • Site – dry with jack pine

  7. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyBetulaglandulosa – Bog birch(native) • Size and Form – spreading shrub, up to 2m tall • Bud – alternate arrangement, small and pointed • Twig – resinous, tiny/fine hairs • Leaf – simple, almost circular (1-2cm), thick and leathery, 6-10 teeth per side • Fruit – pollen and seed catkins (upright), mature cigar shaped catkin with small winged nutlet • Site – forested bogs and wetlands

  8. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyBetulapapyrifera – White or Paper birch(native) • Size and form – medium sized tree • Bud – alternate arrangement, pointed, slender • Twig – slender, somewhat sparsely resinous, greyish-brown (greenish), dwarf twigs • Leaf – simple, triangle tip, ovate (egg-shaped), double-serrated, • Fruit – pollen and seed catkins up to 5cm long, hang down, mature cigar shaped catkin with wings are wider than nutlet • Site – forest edges, lakeshores

  9. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyBetulapendula– Weeping birch(exotic) • Size and Form – small tree (up to 15m tall), weeping fashion • Bud – alternate arrangement, do not hug twig, blunt tip • Twig – slender, flexible, no resin glands • Leaf – simple, ovate, tapered tip, serrated • Fruit – pollen and seed catkins (2-4cm long), mature catkin cigar shaped with wings wider than nutlet • Bark – darkish white/grey • Site – landscape tree

  10. Betulaceae – Birch FamilyCoryluscornuta – Beaked hazelnut(native) • Size and form – large shrub (up to 3m) • Bud – alternate arrangement, darker than twig, rounded, pointed, heart-shaped, overlapping bud scales, edge of bud side has white hairs • Twig – light brown, hairless • Leaf – simple, elliptical, pointed tip, double-serrated • Fruit – thin-shelled nut, enclosed in tubular husk covered with stiff prickly hairs, clusters of 2 or 3 • Site – upland w/aspen, moist/well drained

  11. Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle FamilyLoniceradioica – Twining honeysuckle (native) • Size and Form – semi-erect, vine-like shrub, climbs up to 5m in height • Bud – opposite arrangement, straw colour, small and pointed, no true terminal bud • Twig – twisting, woody vine, hollow stem, straw colour • Leaf – simple, end leaves form a cup around stem, oblong, rounded on the end • Fruit – small red berry, inedible (bitter), cluster of 7-8 berries in leaf cup • Site – upland w/aspen, forest edges

  12. Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle Family Sambucuspubens – Red elderberry(exotic) • Size and Form – multi-stemmed shrub • Bud – opposite arrangement, plump, reddish-purplish, pair of scales, typically no terminal bud • Twig – orange pith, olive green, lenticels (yellow/brown), predominant leaf scars • Leaf – odd-pinnately compound, 5-7 leaflets, tapered & pointed tip • Fruit – large clusters of red berries, bright white flowers • Site – moist

  13. Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle FamilySymphoricarposoccidentalis – Western Snowberry (native) • Size and Form – short shrub, multi-branched, grows in large patches • Bud – opposite arrangement, small • Twig – thin, orangey-brown, orange pith, sometimes hollow • Leaf – simple, small, paper thin, 2-4cm long, wavy margin (large), smooth margin (small) • Fruit – greenish/white berries in dense clusters • Bark – shredding • Site – upland, open forest

  14. Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle Family Viburnumedule – Lowbush cranberry(native) • Size and Form – medium size shrub • Bud – opposite arrangement, bright red, pointed, true terminal bud • Twig – reddish-brown, slightly grooved • Leaf – simple, 3-lobed, long petiole • Fruit – red berries, clusters of 2-5, drupe (flat stone ) • Bark – thin bark, reddish-grey brown • Site – open forest

  15. Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle FamilyViburnumtrilobum – Highbush cranberry (native) • Size and Form – upright shrub (up to 4m) • Bud – opposite arrangement, reddish/orange, no terminal bud, 2 bud scales • Twig – straw like, large white pith • Leaf – simple, 3 long pointed lobes, smooth toothed margins • Fruit – red to orange, forms on terminal end of branch, drupe (flat stone), functioning flowers are surrounded by sterile white flowers • Bark – smooth grey bark • Site – riparian areas

  16. Cornaceae – Dogwood FamilyCornusstolonifera – Red-osier dogwood(native) • Size and Form – medium sized shrub, spreading shrub • Bud – opposite arrangement, long/slender, pointed, 2 pairs of scales, laterals appressed • Twig – reddish-purple, moderately slender, lenticels • Leaf – simple, smooth margins, long petioles, tips curve off to one side • Fruit – whitish berries, small stones, form in clusters • Bark – reddish, greyish in older wood • Site – under open canopy, moist woods

  17. Cupressaceae – Cypress Family Juniperuscommunis – Low Juniper(native) • Size and Form – evergreen, prostrate or spreading shrub up to 1m tall, trunkless • Bud – • Twig – • Leaf – needle-like to narrowly lance-shaped, 5-12mm long, very prickly, whitish above, dark green below, in 3s • Fruit – berry-like, 6-10mm in diameter, bluish with white-grey bloom, fleshy • Bark – thin, reddish brown, shredding, scaly • Site – dry open, gravelly ridges or outcrops

  18. Cupressaceae – CypressJuniperus sp – Juniper(exotic) • Size and Form – evergreen shrub, various heightsl, upright or spreading • Bud – bud-like immature cones at the tips of some branches, hidden buds • Twig – many short side branches, rounded cross-section • Leaf – evergreen, scale-like, overlapping, close to stem, greenish brown purple in colour • Fruit – conelets, one or more seeds, dark blue powdery coating • Site – dry site, shade intolerant

  19. Cupressaceae – Cypress FamilyThuja sp – Cedar species(ornamental) • Size and Form – various heights, symmetrical in form, pyramid or globe shaped • Bud – budlike immature cones at the end of some branches • Twig – flexible, has a flat cross-section • Leaf – evergreen scale-like overlapping, close to stem, lime green in colour • Fruit – 10mm long, short flat seeds, leathery brown texture and colour • Site – landscape uses, shade intolerant

  20. Elaeagnaceae – Oleaster FamilyElaeagnusangustifolia – Russian Olive(exotic) • Size and Form – small tree, tolerant to salty and calcium soils • Bud – alternate arrangement, small/ovid, same colour as branch (whitish/grey) • Twig – weak/slender, often a thorn on older wood • Leaf – simple ,narrow and oblong, dull green on top, silver underneath (small greyish scales), 4-8cm long, stay on throughout winter • Fruit – small olive like grey/silver, up to 2cm long, watermelon shaped seed, small yellow flowers • Site – cities, parks, and landscape

  21. Elaeagnaceae – Oleaster FamilyElaeagnuscommutata – Silverberry(native) • Size and Form – upright shrub (up to 4m) • Bud – alternate arrangement, light brown, terminal bud pointed • Twig – greyish brown, covered with rusty chalk (velvety), may have thorns • Leaf – simple, grey/silver, (longer than broad) • Fruit – small yellow flowers, small olive like grey/silver, watermelon shaped seed • Bark – scaly, silver in colour • Site – alkaline soils, open sites

  22. Elaeagnaceae – Oleaster FamilyShepherdiacanadensis – Buffaloberry(native) • Size and Form – small shrub (up to 2m), spreading • Bud – opposite arrangement, pronounce terminal bud (long and slender), cluster of round flower buds around most longitudinal buds, rusty colour • Twig – grey (older), soft brown (new), velvety texture, orange pith • Leaf – simple, small (up to 3cm), rusty on underside • Fruit – bright red to yellow berries, juicy, soapy texture • Bark – scaly, brownish • Site – dry, upland w/jack pine, open woods and as far north as the arctic coast

  23. Ericaceae – Heath FamilyLedumgroenlandicum – Labrador tea(native) • Size and Form – low lying shrub, less than half meter tall • Bud – definite terminal bud, no lateral buds • Twig – densely orange coloured hair • Leaf –simple, linear and revolute in shape, deep green above, rusty below with dense wooly hairs • Fruit – flowers are in white clusters • Site – moist woodlands, typically bogs

  24. Ericaceae – Heath FamilyVacciniummyrtilloides – Blueberry(native) • Size and Form – small shrub less than half a meter tall, grows in dense colonies • Bud – alternate arrangement, small, pointed, reddish-brown, terminal bud • Twig – velvety hairs, slender, new growth, reddish • Leaf – simple, thin and hairy, up to 4cm long, smooth margins • Fruit – blueberry, pale blue bloom • Site – dry upland

  25. Fabaceae – Bean FamilyCaraganaarborescens - Caragana(exotic, naturalized) • Size and Form – small tree/shrub, live up to 80 yrs, 4-5m tall • Bud – alternate arrangement, large terminal bud, chaff like scales • Twig – green/yellow, curved/windy • Leaf – even-pinnately compound, no terminal leaflet, up to 12 leaflets, spine-like stipules • Fruit – pod, burst when ripe, flowers are bright yellow (pea like) • Site – shelterbelts, wind breaks

  26. Fagaceae – Beech FamilyQuercusmacrocarpa – Bur oak(native) • Size and Form – small tree (up to 15m tall), 60cm diameter, straight stem, can live up to 200 years • Bud – alternate arrangement, terminal bud wide and pointed, brown and hairy, terminal bud is surrounded by cluster of small buds • Twig – stout, yellowish-brown, scaly, rigid edges • Leaf –simple, lobes (soft and rounded), variable in shape, up to 30cm long, smooth on top, hairy underneath • Fruit – acorn (sits in cup with fury collar around top) • Bark – thick grey scales, rough looking bark • Site – bottom lands, flood plain, drought tolerant

  27. Oleaceae – Olive FamilyFraxinuspennsylvanica – Green ash (native) • Size and Form –up to 25m tall, fast growing, and single stem • Bud – opposite arrangement, terminal bud is reddish/brown, somewhat hairy, first lateral buds close to terminal bud • Twig – stout, greyish/brown and hairless • Leaf – odd-pinnately compound, leaflets are very large and pointed, up to 20cm long, leaflet up to 15cm long • Fruit – single samara, seed covers over ½ the wing, up to 3-6cm • Bark –mature tree has narrow ridges (diamond shape) • Site – river valleys, flood plains

  28. Oleaceae – Olive FamilySyringasp – Lilac(exotic) • Size and Form – clumpy shrub (up to 4m tall) • Bud – opposite arrangement, large, typically no terminal bud, pair of buds on end (spade shaped) • Twig – stout, green/yellow • Leaf – simple, 5-12cm long, cordate (heart) shaped, smooth margin (entire) • Fruit – flattened 2 seeded capsule, flowers are pink/yellow/white/purple (10mm long, cluster up to 20cm long) • Site - shelterbelts

  29. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyAbiesbalsamea – Balsam fir (native) • Size and Form – 25 meters tall, 75cm in diameter, up to 150 years old • Bud – 5mm long, resinous terminal of 3 clusters • Twig – greyish green colour, lengthy hairs • Leaf – needle-like, flat cross-section, 12-25mm long, shiny above, two rows of silvery stomata on the underside • Fruit – erect cones are 5-10cm long, resinous, greenish brown to purple in colour, seeds, bracts and scales fall from the tree leaving the erect axil • Bark – Smooth-raised resinous blisters • Site – rich sites with spruce and aspen, found across boreal forest, shade tolerant climax species

  30. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyLarixlaricina – Tamarack larch (native) • Size and Form – up to 25 meters tall, 40cm in diameter, 150 years old • Bud – dark reddish to brown, tiny hairs on dwarfed shoots, smooth buds • Twig – hairless, orange/brown to pink in colour • Leaf – needle-like, flat on top, keel below, 2-5cm long, 15-60 needles per dwarf shoot (peg) on the older growth, single on current wood, deciduous • Fruit – 10-20mm long, egg shaped, dark red when new, leathery brown on older • Bark – scaly reddish brown, purple inner bark • Site – commonly found in bog areas

  31. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyLarixsibirica – Siberian larch(exotic) • Size and Form – up to 30 meters tall, conical top • Bud – ovoid or round shaped buds, brown coloured, resinous • Twig yellowish to light brown, hairy in the spring, smooth and shiny in the summer • Leaf – needle-like has a keel on the bottom, green coloured top, stomata on the bottom, 15-30 needles per dwarf shoot (peg) on older wood and single on current wood • Fruit – cones are ovoid in shape, tapered towards the tip, 2.5-4cm long, short stalks, 2 seeds with each scale, has wavy margins • Bark – scaly, grey to brown in colour • Site – commonly found on shelterbelts

  32. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPiceaabies – Norway spruce(exotic) • Size and Form – drooping secondary branches • Buds – reddish to light orange/brown, blunt pointed, scales tight fitting • Twig – creamy green to light orange/brown • Leaf – needle-like, 12-24mm long, sharp pointed, dark green on all sides, directed towards the upper side • Fruit – cones 10-18cm, pendulous • Site – wide variety of sites

  33. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPiceaglauca – White spruce(native) • Size and Form – 25 meters tall, 60cm in diameter, up to 200 years old • Bud – 6mm long, blunt pointed, non-resinous, outer scales are shorter than the bud • Twig – shiny, light greyish green in colour, hairless • Leaf – needle-like, four sided leaf, 1-2.5cm long, pointed stiff, bluish green in colour, glaucous • Fruit – cones are slender, cylindrical, 3-6cm long, blunt tipped, stalk less, light brown scales, thin and flexible • Bark – smooth, becomes scaly with age, salmon pink inner bark on mature trunks • Site – the white spruce is shade tolerant and is found on well drained moist soils

  34. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPiceamariana – Black spruce(native) • Size and Form – 20 meters tall, 30cm diameter, up to 200 years old, has a distinct clubbed top where squirrels removed the cones • Bud – conical, blunt tipped, 3-5mm long, hairy, has outer scales longer than the bud • Twig – bark is orange-brown, soft brownish hairs • Leaf – needles-like, blunt, 4 sided, white row of stomata • Fruit –cone 1.5-3cm long, egg shaped, purplish and has tight fitting scales, semi-serotinous • Bark – reddish to greyish brown, scaly, olive green inner bark on mature trunk • Site – often on poorly drained, poor cold nutrient site

  35. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPiceapungens – Blue spruce(exotic) • Size and Form – 30 meters tall, 90cm diameter, up to 600 years old • Bud – rounded to blunt pointed, 10mm long, bud scales are papery • Twig – stout, shiny, yellowish brown, hairless • Leaf – needle like, 15-30mm long, stiff, sharp pointed, blue-green in colour, needles are curved • Fruit – cones are 5-12cm long, flexible scales, loose fitting, light brown colour • Bark – purplish grey to brown, flakey • Site – drought tolerant exotic and ornamental

  36. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPinusbanksiana – Jack pine(native) • Size and Form – 30 meters tall, 30cm diameter, 150 years old, crown is flat topped • Bud – blunt pointed, less than 10mm, pale reddish brown, resinous • Twig – slender, yellowish green on new growth • Leaf – needle-like, fascicle of 2, 2-4cm long, straight or slightly curved, stiff, sharp-pointed, yellowish green, spread apart • Fruit – cones are 3-7cm long, tan coloured, curved and pointed toward the branch ends, serotinous • Bark – thin, reddish brown to grey, flakey • Site – found on well drained sites

  37. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPinuscontorta – Lodgepole pine(native) • Size and Form – 30 meters tall, 60cm diameter, up to 200 years old, short branches, narrow trunk and straight taper • Bud – reddish brown, resinous, 15mm long, blunt pointed • Twig – dark brown in the second season, orange and brown in the first season, has loose whorls • Leaf – needle-like, 3-7cm long, fascicles of two, fine tooth margins, dark green to yellowish green, slightly twisted • Fruit – cones, short cylindrical, 3-6cm, purple and brown stalks, points away from tip, cone scales have prickles • Bark – thin fine scales, orange and brown, smooth trunk • Site – native to Cypress Hills

  38. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPinusresinosa – Red pine(exotic) • Size and Form – 25 meters tall, 75cm diameter, up to 200 years old, flat top crown • Bud – sharply pointed, large terminal bud, reddish brown resinous bud, loose hairy scales • Twig – stout, orange to reddish brown • Leaf – needle-like, fascicle’s of two, 10-16cm long, straight and brittle • Fruit – cones are ovoid, 4-7cm long • Bark – reddish pink, flat scaly plates • Site – is shade intolerant

  39. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPinusstrobus – Eastern white pine(exotic) • Size and Form – 30 meters tall, 100cm in diameter, up to 200 years old • Bud – slender, up to 15mm long, sharply pointed, reddish brown terminal and sub-terminal buds • Twig – green with hairs in the first season, orange brown bark in the following seasons • Leaf – needle like, fascicles of five, 5-15cm long, flexible • Fruit – cones, 8-20cm long, 50-80-scales in rows of five • Bark – thin smooth, grey to green in colour • Site – variable

  40. Pinaceae – Pine FamilyPinussylvestris – Scots pine(exotic and naturalized) • Size and Form – 30 meters tall, varied trunk and branch sizes • Bud – ovoid, sharply pointed, 6-12mm, non-resinous • Twig – greenish brown, hairless • Leaf – needle-like, fascicle’s of two, 4-8cm long, sharply pointed, and finely toothed margins, bluish green • Fruit – conical ovoid, 2.5-7cm long, clusters of 2 or 3 point back towards tree, woody scales with four sides and raised tips • Bark – orange papery strips on the upper part of the tree, lower part of the tree is more greyish • Site – shade intolerant and drought tolerant

  41. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyAmelanchier alnifolia – Saskatoon(native) • Size and Form – 4m tall, dense patches • Bud – alternate arrangement, purple with white lines on edge of scales • Twig – slender on new growth, red wine colour, turns grey when older • Leaf –simple, 2-4cm long, smooth rounded base with serrated rounded apex, elliptic to obovate • Fruit – berry, purple to nearly black, clusters • Site – open, dry to moist areas

  42. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyCrataegus sp – Hawthorn(native) • Size and Form – small shrub up to 4m,low crown, flat top and rounded • Bud – alternate arrangement, terminal bud is broad, shiny reddish/brown, cluster of 2-3 buds at each location, one for thorn, one for the leaf and one for the twig elongation • Twig – sharp thorn (can be 3cm long), smooth, shiny, reddish in colour • Leaf – simple, variable in shape, 2-8cm long, serrated, wide as is long • Fruit – pome (less than 1cm), reddish, fleshy • Site – calcium rich soils, and abandoned farm yards

  43. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyMalus sp – Apple(exotic) • Size and Form – small sprawling crown tree • Bud – alternate arrangement, white hairs, hug twig, larger terminal bud • Twig – stout, hairy (fuzzy), dwarf twigs produce fruit • Leaf – simple, ovate, round base, pointed tip • Fruit – pome, white or red flowers, arranged in clusters on dwarf shoots • Site – landscape uses

  44. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyPotentillafruticosa – Shrubby cinquefoil(native) • Size and Form – spreading shrub, up to 1m tall, multiple branching • Bud – alternate arrangement, covered with silky hairs • Twig – silky hairs, scruffy • Leaf –odd-pinnately compound, 3-5 leaflets, greyish/green • Fruit – densely hairy achenes in clusters, flowers are buttercup-like • Site – open to partly wooded areas, fairly widespread

  45. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyPrunuspensylvanica – Pin cherry(native) • Size and Form – small tree (up to 5m tall) • Bud – alternate arrangement, small, rounded, diverging cluster of buds at the terminal • Twig – slender, reddish/brown, has a waxy coating • Leaf – simple, lance-like, long and pointed, tiny serrated teeth, up to 10cm long • Fruit – bright red drupe, flowers are white in open clusters • Site – found in small patches in forest openings

  46. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyPrunusvirginiana – Choke cherry(native) • Size and Form – small tree (up to 6m tall) • Bud – alternate arrangement, sharp pointed, two-tone brown • Twig – slender to moderately stout, smooth, greyish/brown, waxy stem • Leaf – simple, elliptical to obovate, up to 10cm long, fine sharp teeth • Fruit – red to almost black drupe, up to 15mm across, flower clusters up to 15cm • Site – dry wooded clearings

  47. Rosaceae – Rose FamilyRosaacicularis – Prickly rose(native) • Size and Form – small bushy shrub (1.5m) • Bud – alternate arrangement, small, red to purple in colour • Twig – stout, covered in straight prickles • Leaf – odd-pinnately compound, 3-9 leaflets, up to 3cm long, leaflets are sharp, double toothed with hair underneath (pubescent) • Fruit – spherical to pear shape, berry or hip • Site – open forest, clearings, and river banks

  48. Rosaceae - Rose FamilyRubusidaeus – Raspberry(native) • Size and Form – erect shrub (up to 2m tall) • Bud – alternate arrangement, small • Twig – slender, soft prickle, reddish • Leaf –odd-pinnately compound, 3-5 leaflets, sharp pointed, double serrated • Fruit – aggregate fruit, red in colour, white flowers in singles or small clusters • Site – open wooded areas, clear landings

  49. Rosaceae – Rose familySorbus sp – Mountain ash(exotic) • Size and Form – small tree, lots of branches at base, rounded crown • Bud – alternate arrangement, large and pointed terminal bud, lateral buds are smaller, white and hairy, purplish in colour • Twig – stout, greyish (older), purple/red (younger) • Leaf –odd-pinnately compound, 7-19 leaflets (serrated), up to 20cm long • Fruit – apple like, 6-12mm, orange/reddish, flower made up of small white petals (flat topped cluster) • Bark – reddish (younger), smooth, light grey (older) • Site – cool moist sites, also found in some drier sites

  50. Salicaceae – Willow FamilyPopulusbalsamifera – Balsam poplar(native) • Size and Form – deciduous tree (up to 20m tall), 50cm diameter, 70yr life span • Bud – alternate arrangement, large and sticky, can be 25mm long, has terminal bud, yellow/green • Twig – reddish/brown, grey on older wood, 5 sided pith • Leaf – simple, long petiole, up to 10cm long, rounded/heart-shaped at base, sharp tip, finely toothed • Fruit – catkins up to 10cm long, capsules, seeds with cottony hairs • Bark – greenish/brown on young, older bark is greyish and deeply furrowed • Site – moist sites, along streams and floodplains

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