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WORLD ONE. WAR . Middle Game. Pre-Game. End Game. Pre-Game The Causes.
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WORLD ONE WAR Middle Game Pre-Game End Game
Pre-Game The Causes The trend preceding World War One had been a quest for national supremacy that had swamped the entire world. The four main causes of the war were each a piece in the conflict, and the short term cause was the spark that set off the barn of dry hay. Alliances Militarism Nationalism Imperialism Short Term
Imperialism The cause of Imperialism was yet another cause that was partially fueled by Nationalism. Imperialism had many arching consequences, but most importantly is that it caused many more flashpoints for international rivialiries and conflicts. With the entire world as a Chess Board, there were that many more areas to argue over and situiations that could evolve into international incedents.
Alliance System The alliance system of World War One was composed of two sides, The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance..The Triple Entente was composed of England, France, and Russia. In the Triple Alliance was the Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary, and Germany. At the onset of the War, most of the alliances were secert, so when an isolated conflict started, everybody was dragged into war. V.
Nationalism Nationalism was one of the strongest forces that led to the conflicts preceding the war as well as the conflicts during it. The overwhelming national sediment of the time was a fiery love towards one’s country and it overpowered every other social movement of the time. Since the love of one’s country was such a strong and encompassing idea, nationalism can help to account for some of the other causes of the War too. Notice the simliarities between the two pictures above. The picture on the right is of the French revoultion, while the picutre on the right is a bunch of Turkish Soliders in a truck. The similaires between the two are that they both displayed differt times of nationalism. The French Revoultion posters displays the anguish and hard work that came with the problems that started the revoultion and yet the releive that they are getting in the acutal upthrowing. In the picture of the turkish sloliders they too are celebrating a “revoultion of a sort. Labeled the “sick man of Europe”, the ottoman empire’s moral increased greatly when they won battles or when they went to war to reassert there authoirty, a form of nationalism. Notice the upward thrusts of the hands of both parites in the picutres.
Militarism Militarism was such an important cause because it fed off the nationalistic sediment that said that one’s country had to be the best. This idea resulted in Nationalism because different coutntries throughtout Europe engaged in a massive arms race to build up more weapons than their neighbor. This pile up of arms was one reason why the war had such a high causality toll. The above picture is of a troop massing on the Triple Enente Side. This shows miltarism because it is the massive buildup of standing armies of the time. Coutnries diddn’t typically keep as massive as an army as they did pre-WWI, and this large investment of troops led to eventual battle.
Short Term Causes The short term causes of the war when viewed without the context of the time period did not seem worthy enough to start a war. But when the causes were put into perspective of the time, they were the match to the powder keg. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst for all the fighting enough though no one liked him during that time. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Wife
Total War Trench Warfare
It is completely reasonable to say that World War One was the first where the battle lines in certain area were undeterminable from other areas of life in the war-going countries. War became the main export of countries of this time, and in certain places it was it’s import. The war effected every single part of society including woman’s involvement in the war as well as the tactics and weapons used during battle. Total War Domestic Side Military Side
The domestic side of WWI was so far-fetching in the average life of a non-combatant that it permanently changed the social structure of countries for centuries to come. Since a majority of the male populations were of fighting, woman found themselves in a completely new liberalized role. Also, the shortage of food in the home countries caused the necessity of rationing, which caused every family to cut back. As a result of the war also, propaganda posters popped up al over countries. These served a purpose to one, get fit men to enlist, and two, it caused long lasting distrust towards the enemy. Domestic Side Being a part of the Allied alliance, Britain was naturally against the Germans. This could be seen in one of their propaganda posters titled “How The Hun Hates!” This poster goes on to describe the punishments and terrible things the Germans did to the British fishermen, including kidnapping them and ordering them to be punished without trial. The punishment included the shaving of one side of the head and face, exposing their victims throughout the streets of Germany to be laughed at. This is an example of how Britain plays on their audience: the sailors, which most likely is a major population in Britain, being the most powerful naval power. Britain wants to stir up hatred and wants their people to want revenge. Britain wants to use this instance to gain support for the war.
The essence of total warfare was domination through military prominence. The powers of Europe steered everything they did towards the war effort. This caused an explosion of productivity and industrialization in an attempt to maintain the competition amongst the powers. The ideals of total war led to significant offensives with the goods the economies and populace of the countries revolved around. Planes were used for strategic bombing missions and the emergence of machine guns and other heavy artillery took the stage. The utilization these weapons along with the tank led to the outdating of the classic “attacking army” and cavalry. Military Tactics The New Tank The Airplane’s First Appearance The Deadly Machine Gun
Trench Warfare The advent of Trench Warfare completely changed war and what it was. It introduced a whole new living hell to the soldiers on the front lines and it cost thousands of life's for negligible gains strategically speaking. Trench Warfare highlighted how World War One was really a 20th century war fought with 19th century tactics. Weapons and Impact Diseases in the Trench The Battle of Verdun Psychological Effects
Weapon’s and Impact A partial reason that the casualty tolls were as ridiculous as they were at the end of the war was because of the advent of the new weapons and the use of them. The invention of the machine gun enabled the slaughtering of hundred of thousands of men who were led by generals who were stuck in 19th century tactics. The advent of using poison gas caused million of be either injured or killed. The use of such potent weapons made war a deadly undertaking. A Solider and a Flamethrower Typical soldiers and their gas masks
Diseases in the Trench Diseases of Soldiers posed a major problem to everyday life in the Trenches. Aside from the aspects of war, the chance of catching a crippling disease was prevalent on a soldiers mind. The commonness of trench foot made it a fear by itself because it would cause amputations of the foot. Another factor that contributed to disease was how there was a mutual exposure to people from other parts of Europe. This means that a disease that might have been unique to a specific place or region now spread like wildfire between ranks.
Psychological Effects The effects that the War had on the young, impressionable soldiers changed mindset of a future generations of the horrors of war. The preconceived notion of war as a romantic getaway was gone the second your buddy’s head was lying in your lap in a trench in the middle of rain soaked battle field of constant death. War became a thing to avoid, a lasting reminder of reality that forever haunted anyone’s mind who was lucky enough to escape the battlefield.
The Battle of Verdun The Germans goal with this battle was to inflict a much higher casualty on France than they themselves would suffer. The Germans only proved successful in the latter with about 20,000 less deaths than the French. As for their stance in the war, the German’s lost the Battle of Verdun and retreated away from the city. The battle was overall a strategic win for the French.
VICTORY!! Peace of Paris Treaty Of Versallies 14 Points
Treaty of Versallies The Treaty of Versailles was between Germany and the Allied Powers. It ultimately was a punishment to the Germans, making them accept sole responsibility for causing the war. In addition, the Germans had to pay reparations and return disputed territories. Ultimately the Treaty of Versailles left the Germans wanting revenge and it was a primary cause of conflict starting the Second World War.
Fourteen Points The fourteen points were Woodrow Wilson’s brain child for ensuring world peace. The fourteen points were an attempt to ensure that there would be no more conflicts of this scale ever again in the world. They called for ideas such as a freedom of seas and inalienable rights of citizens. His favorite idea was the league of nations, which was a international governing body that attempted to rule disputes but failed because it had no way to enforce things it implemented.
Peace of Paris The Peace of Paris was a conference held at Versailles in order to settle the pre-existing conflicts that were over territory. The winning countries took advantage of the losing countries and divided the territory up completely unfair. This fed off of pre war nationalistic ideas of the time period and the losing countries took this at a great insult. This peace also prevented Germany from having an army, and to the previously militarized Prussian state, this was a grave insult. The Japanese Delegation at the Conference The Austrailian Delegation at the Conference
