Geography, the Greek City-State and Democracy

1. Geography, the Greek City-State and Democracy http://www.ldmark.com/Igreece/CityState.jpg

2. Objectives: • You will be able to: • explain what a city-state is. • explain how geography affected the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula • explain how the polis was the center of Greek Life. • Compare and contrast the city-states of Sparta and Athens

3. But first, a fun quiz… 1. Did the ancient Greeks own slaves?

4. But first, a fun quiz… • Did the ancient Greeks own slaves? [True - even democratic Athens had no compunction about owning slaves]

5. But first, a fun quiz… • Did the ancient Greeks own slaves? [True - even democratic Athens had no compunction about owning slaves] • Could women vote in democratic Athens?

6. But first, a fun quiz… • Did the ancient Greeks own slaves? [True - even democratic Athens had no compunction about owning slaves] • Could women vote in democratic Athens?[False - in fact, arguably, women had more power over their lives in Sparta]

7. But first, a fun quiz… 3. Were most city-states actually cities?

8. But first, a fun quiz… 3. Were most city-states actually cities? [False - the vast majority were only small towns of a few hundred citizens]

9. But first, a fun quiz… 3. Were most city-states actually cities? [False - the vast majority were only small towns of a few hundred citizens] 4. Did the ancient Greeks have nobles and aristocrats?

10. But first, a fun quiz… 3. Were most city-states actually cities? [False - the vast majority were only small towns of a few hundred citizens] 4. Did the ancient Greeks have nobles and aristocrats? [True - even in democratic Athens the aristocrats remained a force to be reckoned with]

11. But first, a fun quiz… 5. Was the secret of ancient Greece's success its rich, fertile land?

12. But first, a fun quiz… 5. Was the secret of ancient Greece's success its rich, fertile land? [False - the mountainous terrain was only suitable for a few select crops like olives]

13. But first, a fun quiz… 5. Was the secret of ancient Greece's success its rich, fertile land? [False - the mountainous terrain was only suitable for a few select crops like olive. 6. Did the ancient Greeks value wealth above all else?

14. But first, a fun quiz… 5. Was the secret of ancient Greece's success its rich, fertile land? [False - the mountainous terrain was only suitable for a few select crops like olive. 6. Did the ancient Greeks value wealth above all else? [False - fame and honor meant much more to the average Greek citizen than wealth]. Quiz from http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/htmlver/

16. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How was Greece organized politically? *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

17. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How was Greece organized politically? Greek City-States • Geographic features separated Greece into small regionsForm of government in Greece, including colonies, was the city-state • - the polis—Greek name for a city-state—common around 700 B.C. E.• Most city-states were small—fewer than 20,000 people—due to geography • - Athens and Sparta were largest- small size caused people to form a close community *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

18. Layout of the City • Center of life was the agora—open space for business, gatherings • political discussions, festivals, athletic contests- statues, temples, public buildings *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf PIC: http://www.planetizen.com/files/agora.jpg

19. Layout of the City • Many cities had a fortified hilltop—acropolis, or “highest city” - used for military at first, but later had temples, palaces *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf http://www.athens-greece.us/acropolis/map-of-the-acropolis/acropolis_map_02.jpg

20. EQ: What different political systems evolved in the city- states of Greece? *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

21. EQ: What different political systems evolved in the city- states of Greece? Monarchs and Aristocrats • Each city-state was independent, used its own form of government • some kept political systems for centuries, others changed systems • Earliest governments were monarchies ruled by king or queen • Aristocracy—upper class, nobility; in Greece, born into a high family • Most city-states, like Corinth, began as monarchies • by 700s B.C.E., most were ruled by an aristocracy *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

22. EQ: What different political systems evolved in the city- states of Greece? Oligarchy • Oligarchy—means “rule by the few”- people rule because of wealth, land, not birth Tyrants • In monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, poor lack power—at times rebelled - wealthy person seeking power could use anger of poor to gain support • Tyrant—someone who took power illegally, was not of royal birth - not necessarily cruel in Greece—some tyrants helped the poor • Tyrants helped overthrow oligarchy, united people for change *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

23. EQ: How did limited democracy develop in Athens? *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

24. EQ: How did limited democracy develop in Athens? Citizenship • People learned they could influence government, demanded more power • Greeks invented idea of citizenship • Citizen—person loyal to government and protected by government • in Greece, must be born to free citizens, either upper or lower class • in much of Greece, only upper-class citizens had power • Lower-class citizens demanded power; slowly created major change *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

25. EQ: How did limited democracy develop in Athens? Solon and Cleisthenes • Poor farmers who owed money worked for others or became slaves • Solon, elected around 594 B.C., made reforms to prevent revolt • no citizen could be enslaved; social class based on wealth, not birth • all citizens could serve in assembly, elect leader • Around 500 B.C., Cleisthenes took more power away from nobles • organized citizens into groups by residence, not wealth *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf

26. EQ: How did limited democracy develop in Athens? Direct Democracy • In democracy, all citizens make political decisions in government • Athens had direct democracy—all citizens meet to decide on laws • United States has indirect democracy—people elect representatives Limited Democracy • Athens had limited democracy—only free adult males were citizens • women, slaves, foreigners could not take part in government • noncitizens could not become citizens *notes modified from http://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_03.pdf Pic from http://www.bubblews.com/assets/images/news/1706948865_1363619092.jpg

27. Which city state would you rather live in? Compare Athens and Sparta • Create a chart using the following categories and research about the two city states • Population • Role of Women • Education • Cultural Achievements • Military • Government • Social Structure • Religion • Important Laws