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Database Fundamentals IS 422 Lecture #1

Database Fundamentals IS 422 Lecture #1. Instructor: Dema Alorini. Course Goals . Understand the basics of databases. Recognize the role of databases in different organizations . Recognize the types database models. Use one of the real world database management systems.

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Database Fundamentals IS 422 Lecture #1

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  1. Database Fundamentals IS 422Lecture #1 Instructor: DemaAlorini Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  2. Course Goals • Understand the basics of databases. • Recognize the role of databases in different organizations. • Recognize the types database models. • Use one of the real world database management systems. • Build database structure. • Present logical solutions for solving different problems. • Demonstrate basic knowledge of the database structure. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  3. What is database? • Database: set of data (information) that is organized so it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. • Data: a collection of facts • Database includes data with different tables  tables contains columns called fields and rows called records  data dements to be stored in each record. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  4. Manipulate data in database • Query: Retrieve the transcript ( a list of all courses and grades) of Smith. • Update: Create a new section for the database course for this semester. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  5. Database Management System (DBMS) • Definition: collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. • Examples: - Oracle  (the hardest) - Microsoft SQL (Structured Query Language) Server - IBM DB2 Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  6. Example of SQL • SELECTstudent_numberFROMgrade_report Results: Student_Number 17 17 8 8 8 Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  7. Why use a DBMS? • Keep data consistent • Easy Access to data • Easy data retrieval: using simple queries and reports example: search for student name, list students with grades above 90, etc • Modify data: insert, delete, update content • Multiple User Interfaces • Restrict authorized access • Storage for data • Represent complex relationships among data • Control Redundancy • Backup and restore data Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  8. Data Redundancy A field that is repeated in two or more tables. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  9. WHEN NOT TO USE A DBMS • Main costs of using a DBMS: - High initial investment in hardware, software, training and possible need for additional hardware. - Overhead for providing generality, security, recovery, integrity, and concurrency control. • Generality that a DBMS provides for defining and processing data. • When a DBMS may be unnecessary: • If the database and applications are simple, well defined, and not expected to change. • If there are stringent real-time requirements that may not be met because of DBMS overhead. • If access to data by multiple users is not required. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  10. Database System • The DBMS software together with the data itself. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  11. Example of database • Mini- world example: Part of a UNIVERSITY environment. • Data (entities): • - STUDENTs • - COURSEs • - SECTIONs (of COURSEs) • - (academic) DEPARTMENTs • - INSTRUCTORs • Relationships among data: • - SECTIONs are of specific COURSEs • - STUDENTs take SECTIONs • - COURSEs have prerequisite COURSEs • - INSTRUCTORs teach SECTIONs • - COURSEs are offered by DEPARTMENTs • - STUDENTs major in DEPARTMENTs Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  12. Example (Continued) Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  13. Define the university database • Structure of the record STUDENT ( Name , Number, Class, Major) COURSE ( Name , Number, Credit, Dept.) • Data type of data element Name: a string of characters Number: integer Grade: {A,B,C,D,F,I} Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  14. Actors (Users) • Database Administrators(DBAs): Responsible for managing the database system, authorizing access, coordinating & monitoring uses, acquiring resources. • Database designers are responsible for identifying the data to be stored in the database and for choosing appropriate structures to represent and store this data. • End Users: The persons that use the database for querying, updating, generating reports, etc. Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  15. Questions? • Define a database? • In a database columns are called ....... • In a database rows are called …… • Database system is …….. Together with …. • Users of database are • ………. • ………. • ………. • List 3 advantages of using DBMS? Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

  16. Questions? • T/F • A field that is repeated in two or more tables is called data redundancy ( ) • End users are responsible for choosing structures to represent data( ) • The main goal of using database is to organize information in a way that it can be easily accesses ( ) • DBMS provide multiple interfaces ( ) • Queries are used to manipulate data in database ( ) • A database design may be based on existing data ( ) Database Fundamentals IS 422 Section: 7|1

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