Solving Absolute Value Equations

Solving Absolute ValueEquations I’m sure that you will Find this information Absolutely valuable.

Algebra 1 Content Standard # 3 states: • Students shall be able to solve equations and inequalities involving absolute value. It’s the standard, and thatmeans it’s the law.

What does absolute value mean and why is it important? • Absolute value is a fairly complicated concept. It is an “operation” that you can do on numbers, like adding, subtracting, dividing but it has a very specific function. It forces numbers to NOT be negative. • So, its job is to take away negativity. To put it simply.

Absolute value has a symbol, actually two, just like other operations. • The symbols for absolute value are two vertical lines. They are meant to surround the value that you want to take the absolute value of, sort of like parenthesis surround the symbols that they group. The symbols

Here are two simple examples. Say that I wanted to take the absolute value of -5. I would write it like this: -5 • This would be read in English as, “The absolute value of negative 5.” • En español se dice: "El valor absoluto de -5." An example.

|-6| The absolute value of negative 6. • |10| The absolute value of 10. • |x| The absolute value of x. • |y| The absolute value of y. • |-y +2| The absolute value of negative y plus 2. • |0| The absolute value of 0. We got it? Here’s a few more.

So what are the answers? What is the absolute value of negative 5 equal to? -5 = 5 • Recall that I said taking the absolute value takes negativity away. If I take the negativity away from negative 5 I get… • Five! Absolute value in action.

It’s simple. Well, it’s a simple as this: • If an input is positive, it STAYS positive. • If an input is negative, it becomes positive. • If an input is zero, it stay zero. How it works for all numbers (inputs)

|-6| = 6. • |10| = 10. Note: NOT negative 10. Taking the absolute value is NOT the same as taking the opposite. • |x| = x. But note, we still don’t know what x is. • |y| = y. y might be negative, positive, or zero. • |-y +2| This would have to be graphed. Y can be anything and then we would shift the graph 2 to the right. • |0| = 0. The absolute value of 0 is 0. Period, end of story. Got it? Try to apply it.

Ok, we now know what absolute value does, but if that’s a new concept to you then practice it well. To reach the level of the standard we have to move on. • First lets look at a simple equation and solve it: x + 10 = 293 -10 = -10 Subtract 10 from both sides. x = 283 Solution x = 283. • I hope that doesn’t shock anyone. If it does please go back and review basic algebra. The rest of this will only confuse you if you don’t. Stay with me, there’s more.

Let’s add absolute value into this same equation: |x + 10| = 293 • This should be read: “The absolute value of x + 10 equals 293. • Now we just saw that 283 is the answer to this problem and I will tell you that it is the ONLY solution. That is it is the only replacement for x that makes the statement x + 10 = 293 a true statement. Now a little thinking.

With absolute value in the equation: |x + 10| = 293 • Let’s think. What if x + 10 came out to be -293. • Then we would have |-293| = 293. • And that’s a true statement. Another story

-303 + 10 equals = -293 • So if x equaled -303 then the equation would be true. • There are TWO solutions to the equation |x + 10| = 293. • In fact there usually are two solutions to an equation that involves absolute value. Think even harder.

And I have good news and bad news. • The good news is that you don’t have to GUESS every time you encounter an absolute value problem. • The more good news is that there is a systematic method for finding both solutions. • The bad news is that you will have to learn and memorize this method. The good and the bad.

First isolate the absolute value sign on one side: • It has to read, “The absolute value of something, equals something.” • With our sample problem we’re already good. • Now you have to change the right side of the equation and get rid of the absolute value signs. We are going to have two solutions and so we’re going to have two equations. |x + 10| = 293 We have: x + 10 = 293 and: x + 10 = - 293 The method

That’s right we have: x + 10 = 293 and: x + 10 = - 293 • It may seem strange to change the right side of the equation to find out what that the variable is on the LEFT side, but trust me it works. • Notice that the absolute value signs are now GONE. These two are easy to solve. Seem strange?

x + 10 = 293 - 10 = - 10 x = 283 x + 10 = -293 - 10 = - 10 x = - 303 Two worked out solutions

We get two solutions. x = 283 and: x = - 303 • This may seem strange but they both make the original equation true. Watch… • | x + 10 | = 293 • Plug in 293….. • |283 + 10| = 293 • | 293 | = 293 • 293 = 293 true Seem strange?

| x + 10 | = 293 • Plug in -303… • |-303 + 10| = 293 • | -293 | = 293 • 293 = 293 true • See? This one works too. Now the other one.

Let’s review. • Remember. When the absolute value signs get involved in an equation then you can expect that there will be TWO solutions and constructing TWO equations is necessary to finding these solutions. • Isolate the absolute value on one side of the equation. • Make two versions of the equation. In one make the NON-absolute value side negative, in the other make it positive. Now the other one.

The standard demands that we also deal with inequalities. • Inequalities are also mathematical statements. That is, they SAY something about the relationship between these numbers. And just like when a person says something, what they say may be true or it may be false. • Inequalities do NOT make the simple statement that one side is equal to the other. Inequalities can say one of four things: What about > < < > _ _

> Says that the left side is GREATER THAN the right side. • < Says that the left side is LESSER THAN the right side. • ≥ Says that the left side is GREATER THAN OR EQUAL to the right side. • ≤ Says that the left side is LESSER THAN OR EQUAL to the right side. • Examples: • 1 < 3 Reads: “One is less than three”, a true statement. • 4 > -2 Reads “Four is greater than negative two”, and is also a true statement. What can they say?

More examples: • 4 ≤ 4 This says, “four is lesser than or equal to four.” a true statement. • 8 ≥ 8 This says, “eight is greater than or equal to eight.” a true statement. • Let’s say some FALSE THINGS just for fun: • 8 ≥ 19. This is read: “Eight is greater than or equal to 19.” but 8 is not greater than or equal to 19, so this is false. • 9 < -10 This is read: “Nine is less than negative ten”. Negative numbers are inherently less than positive numbers. This is false. More examples:

Inequalities are EASY to solve if you know how to solve regular equations. There is just one new rule that you have to remember: • If you multiply or divide by a negative number your must turn the inequality sign towards the other direction. This flips its meaning. The new rule:

This is true for inequalities whether there is an absolute value sign in the inequality or not. True for all inequalities:

Now before we get into truly tackling an absolute value inequality we have to talk about a rather complex behavior that happen when you combine absolute value with an inequality sign. Absolute value and Inequality

x > 3 • I’m not going to lie to you, this procedure is pretty tough so listen very carefully, or play this part of the video over and over until you get this. • Absolute value can best be understood as: “The distance that something is from zero on a number line.” • Let’s start with a very simple absolute value inequality: 0

x > 3 Let’s read this in a way that will help us draw it on a number line. It says: “Whatever x is, it must be more then 3 spaces away from 0 on a number line.” So how do we make that happen? 0 Read it right to get it right.

x < 3 What if this had a lesser than sign, instead of a greater than sign? Then it would say: “Whatever x is, it must be less than 3 spaces away from 0 on a number line.” How do we make that happen? 0 Read it right to get it right.

Now, since this is tough to memorize. Try this little poem or make up one of your own. • “If the sign is greater than see you later.” • “If the sign is less then you shouldn’t stress just stay inside and clean up your mess.” Please help. 

OK, pause the video here and let that set in. • If you’re still here, we are moving on. • Consider this example inequality: |-3y -8| + 10 > 100 • Can you read this now? • It says: “The absolute value of the quantity negative 3 times y minus 8, plus 10 is greater than 100.” Action time!

Remember that our first task is to get the absolute value to be on it’s own on one side of the inequality. • |-3y -8| + 10 > 100 • So in this case what needs to be dealt with? • That’s right!! the + 10. • How do we get rid of a plus 10? • That’s right!! We subtract 10. Isolate the absolute value

|-3y -8| + 10 > 100 - 10 -10 | -3y – 8 | > 90 So far so good. Now we have to break this into two related inequalities. What was my terrible poem again? “If the sign is greater than see you later.” “If the sign is less then you shouldn’t stress just stay inside and clean up your mess.” Chugging through the first algebra.

Here we have “GREATER THAN” so we are going to “See you later man”. There we are going to send our arrows to the right and left. |-3y -8| > 90 becomes: -3y -8 > 90 and… -3y -8 < -90 • That means we will have one inequality that just gets rid of the absolute value signs. • And one that gets rid of the absolute value sign and: • Flips the inequality symbol to the other direction. • And changes the sign of the right hand side. Create two related inequalities

Let’s work the first inequality that we created. • Recall that we use inverse operations to solve, with the goal being to get y by itself. Add 8 to both sides to get rid of the -8. -3y -8 > 90 + 8 > + 8 -3y > 98 Now divide by negative 3 and flip the in-equality sign as you do so. This is necessary to find the correct solution. Do not forget it. / -3 > / -3 y < -32.6 • Y is less then negative -32.6 is our answer.

We are not done. Now we work our second equation to get our second answer. Add 8 to both sides to get rid of the -8. -3y -8 < -90 + 8 < + 8 -3y < -82 Now divide by negative 3 and flip the in-equality sign as you do so. This is necessary to find the correct solution. Do not forget it. / -3 < / -3 y > 27 1/3 • Y is greater than 27 1/3 is our answer.

Graph our solutions OR y < -32 2/3 y > 27 1/3 Let’s read this in a way that will help us draw it on a number line. It says: “Whatever x is, it must be more then 32 2/3 spaces away from 0 on a left side of 0 and more that 27 1/3 spaces away from 0 on the right of the number line.” 0 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 Graph it.

Now let’s check our solutions but remember that we have to pick a number slightly different then our solution or boundary numbers. • One of the things that we have said is that our y for this problem is: y < -32 2/3 • Y is less then negative 32 2/3. • What number can we pick the will be just a tiny bit less then negative 32 2/3? • How about…… • -33 • I like it. Pick a value < -32 2/3

Now let’s check our solutions but remember that we have to pick a number slightly different then our solution or boundary numbers. • The other thing that we have said is that our y for this problem is: y > 27 1/3 • Y is greater than negative 32 2/3. • What number can we pick the will be just a tiny greater than negative 27 1/3? • How about…… • 27.5 • I like it. Pick a value > 27 1/3

Let’s check • Plug BOTH of these choices in for y and then work the math to see for sure that you get down to a TRUE statement. • Remember that they do not need to be EQUAL. • Our solutions do NOT say that they should be equal. • They should make are statements tell the truth. If our statement said it would come out less than then it should come our less then, and if our statement said that it should come out greater than then it should come out greater than. Check for TRUTH not Equality.

|-3y -8| + 10 > 100 |-3( ) – 8 | + 10 > 100 |-3(-33) – 8 | + 10 > 100 |99 – 8 | + 10 > 100 | 91 | + 10 > 100 91 + 10 > 100 101 > 100 • Here is our original. • Put parenthesis in place of Y. • Plug in -33 for Y Notice I did not remove the absolute value this time. I am NOT following the solution steps that I showed you earlier here. I am just running through the math and checking my answer. • The absolute value of 91 is 91, so now the absolute val signs go away.

|-3y -8| + 10 > 100 |-3( ) – 8 | + 10 > 100 |-3(27.5) – 8 | + 10 > 100 |-82.5 – 8 | + 10 > 100 | -92.5 | + 10 > 100 92.5 + 10 > 100 102.5 > 100 • Here is our original. • Put parenthesis in place of Y. • Plug in 27.5 for Y Notice I did not remove the absolute value this time. I am NOT following the solution steps that I showed you earlier here. I am just running through the math and checking my answer. • The absolute value of -92.5 is 92.5, so now the absolute val. signs go away.

Excellent. • Thank you for hanging with me. • DO NOT be discouraged if you didn’t catch all of that in the first go around. • Just re-play. • Ask questions in the comments • Send us emails at math@whaleboneir.com Pause and practice, but there’s more.

We still have to consider a problem where the left side is less than the right side. • Like this: |-2y -6| + 5 < 100

|-2y -6| + 5 < 100 • Notice that we are dealing with a lesser than sign here. So we refer back to our limerick: “If the sign is greater then ‘See you later.’ If the sign is less then just don’t stress, just stay inside and clean up the mess.”

0 -30 -20 -10 10 1 20 2 30 • We are going to have a closed in answer here. The range of values that will make this true are going to be between one number and another number but won’t include those numbers. • This is what our diagram might look like: • And in set notation we might have: • { -29 < y < 28 } • but these number are just guesses at this point.

Let’s work it. • Step 1: Get the absolute value sign alone on one side of the inequality: |-2y -6| + 5 < 100 - 5 < - 5 | -2y – 6 | < 95  By subtracting 5 from both sides. Pause and practice, but there’s more.

| -2y – 6 | < 95 • Now we create two related inequalities out of this, which will allow us to get rid of the absolute value signs. -95 < -2y – 6 and -2y – 6 < 95 -95 < -2y – 6 and -2y – 6 < 95 + 6 +6 +6 +6 -89 < -2y and -2y < 101 44.5 > y y < -51 { -51 < y < 44.5 }

Let’s check • Plug BOTH of these choices in for y and then work the math to see for sure that you get down to a TRUE statement. • Remember that they do not need to be EQUAL. • Our solutions do NOT say that they should be equal. • They should make are statements tell the truth. If our statement said it would come out less than, it should come our less than, and if our statement said that it should come out greater than then it should come out greater than. Check for TRUTH not Equality.

|-2y -6| + 5 < 100  Our original |-2( ) -6| + 5 < 100  Carefully put in parenthesis for y. |-2(-50) -6| + 5 < 100  We need Y> -51. So I’ll chose -50. |100 - 6| + 5 < 100  -2*-50 = 100 |94| + 5 < 100  100 – 6 = 94  The ABS of 94 is 94. 94 + 5 < 100 • A true statement. This answer works. 99 < 100

Solving Absolute Value Equations