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Nonprofit Geography

Nonprofit Geography. Mark I Wilson Michigan State University. Outline. What is geography? Maps and mapping Nonprofit geography The nonprofit economy and geography Our town. What is Geography?. What is Geography?.

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Nonprofit Geography

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  1. Nonprofit Geography Mark I Wilson Michigan State University

  2. Outline • What is geography? • Maps and mapping • Nonprofit geography • The nonprofit economy and geography • Our town

  3. What is Geography?

  4. What is Geography? "As a young man, my fondest dream was to become a geographer. However, while working in the customs office I thought deeply about the matter and concluded it was too difficult a subject. With some reluctance I then turned to physics as a substitute." - Albert Einstein

  5. What is Geography? "Geography is the study of the patterns and processes of human (built) and environmental (natural) landscapes, where landscapes comprise real (objective) and perceived (subjective) space." - Gregg Wassmansdorf, 1995

  6. Branches of Geography • Physical geography • Environment • Climate • Land use • Human geography • Social • Economic • Cultural

  7. Maps and Mapping

  8. The Challenge of Maps • Maps are tools that provide information about spatial concepts, such as the location of landforms and settlements, and offer insights into the spatial organization of territory • In addition to showing the location of features they are also used to provide directions, indicate ownership, specify authority and rule, and also be used as a source of propaganda • Maps contain many universal elements, and can often be understood without a common language or culture

  9. Maps as Social Constructions • Maps are often considered true presentations of the world • BUT they are a form of story-telling about the world that map makers wish to convey to readers • Maps are not found naturally out there in the world but are made by people to depict the world • No map can capture all of the information associated with a location, so the maker of the map must choose what to include and what to exclude.

  10. Squash a Ball/Peel an Orange One of the central problems of making maps is the translation from three to two dimensions

  11. Types of Maps • Types of maps • Purpose • To locate places on the surface of the earth • To show patterns of distribution of natural and man-made phenomena • To compare and contrast map information and thereby discover relationships between different phenomena. • Audience • Projection

  12. Projections • A globe is the best way to represent the planet, but it is difficult to show a lot of detail and it is bulky to use and interpret • Map projections commonly take one of three forms: Cylindrical, Conic, Azimuthal • For more information: Map Projection Overview by Peter Dana. Online at: www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj.html

  13. Mercator Projection (Cylindrical)

  14. Peters Projection (Cylindrical)

  15. OnLine Resources • Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection • www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html • National Geographic Xpeditions (Atlas and National K12 Standards) • www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions • Census Teaching Materials • www.census.gov/dmd/www/schmat1.html • Geography of US Diversity (US Census) • www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/atlas.html

  16. Maps • American Factfinder (Census) • Factfinder.census.gov • Florida Geographic Alliance • multimedia2.freac.fsu.edu/fga/maps.html • Education Place • www.eduplace.com/ss/ssmaps/index.html • MSU Map Library • www.lib.msu.edu/coll/main/maps/online.html

  17. Nonprofit Geography

  18. Spatial Variation in Nonprofit Action • Nonprofit actions varies by location, such as country, state, county, metropolitan area, town and neighborhood • Variation in donations, volunteering, types of nonprofit activities • How to account for different levels of action?

  19. The Four Sector Economy • Households • Government • For-profit • Nonprofit

  20. For Profit Firms • Private goods and services • Market oriented • Customer satisfaction • Voluntary payment • Focus on profit • Efficient at meeting consumer demands at minimum cost • Will not undertake unprofitable activities

  21. Government • Can provide public goods • Can regulate production (universal access) • Coercive power through taxes/fees • Focus on service/re-election • Influence of pressure groups

  22. Public Goods • 2 Characteristics • Nonexcludability - consumers cannot be prevented from using or benefiting from it • Nonrivalry - one person’s use does not reduce the amount available for use by others • Examples • National defense • Lighthouses

  23. Nonprofit • Can provide public goods • Can provide private goods • Client satisfaction, role of trust • Voluntary payment/3rd party payment • Focus on service, break even

  24. Sector Mix • Ecological metaphor • Organizations operate when and where they can • Organizations provide the goods and services that they are able to offer • Fertile conditions for operating (entrepreneurship, activity, type of goods/services etc).

  25. The Nonprofit Niche Government For-profit Nonprofit Households

  26. The Nonprofit Economy & Geography

  27. The Nonprofit Sector in the US • 1.5 million organizations • 6% of the workforce • $500 billion in expenses

  28. Michigan’s Nonprofit Sector • 1999 IRS Data: • 7,498 reporting public charities • $28.0 billion in revenue • $26.5 billion expenses • $37.1 billion in assets • 300,000 jobs/6.2% of workforce

  29. Regional Variation in Michigan • Type and level of nonprofit activity varies by location across Michigan • Different locations have different experience with nonprofit organizations • Public opinion about nonprofit organizations varies across the state

  30. Social Capital • Social capital is a person's or group's sympathy or sense of obligation toward another person or group that may produce a potential benefit, advantage, and preferential treatment to that other person or group of persons beyond that which might be expected in a selfish exchange relationship. • Social ties; trust; influence; resource, membership; networks; benefit; social relationships; connections; participation; and common good

  31. Social Capital in Michigan • Community Benchmark Survey • 40 communities across the US • In Michigan • Metro Detroit • Fremont/Newaygo • Grand Rapids • Kalamazoo County • Michigan Results • www.cfsv.org/communitysurvey/mi.html

  32. Nonprofit Data for Michigan • Internal Revenue Service • www.nccs.urban.org (Aggregate data by state) • www.guidestar.org (By organization, zip code) • Census of Services (tax exempt organizations) • 1997 available; 2002 survey in December • www.census.gov/epcd/www/econ97.html • Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey • www.cfsv.org/communitysurvey/results.html

  33. Our Town

  34. Nonprofits in Our Town • Mapping population, diversity, at risk residents • 3 sector economy in our town • Who does what? • Organizations that make a difference in our lives • How important is the nonprofit sector to our town? • Qualitative indicators • Economic impact

  35. Additional Information • LTG Nonprofit Geography Website • Presentation download • Links to resources • www.msu.edu/user/wilsonmm/LTG.htm • Mark Wilson • Online at www.mark-wilson.org • E-mail: wilsonmm@msu.edu • Nonprofit Michigan Project: www.nonprofitmichigan.org

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