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University of Messina

University of Messina. A Naming System Applied To a RESERVOIR Cloud. A.Celesti M. Villari A. Puliafito. {acelesti, mvillari, apuliafito}@unime.it. University of Messina , Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mathematics , Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy.

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University of Messina

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  1. University of Messina A Naming System Applied To a RESERVOIR Cloud A.Celesti M. Villari A. Puliafito {acelesti, mvillari, apuliafito}@unime.it University of Messina, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mathematics, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy • The 6th IEEE International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (IAS 2010), August 2010 • Ph.D Student • Francesco Longo

  2. University of Messina Outline • Introduction • PreliminaryConcepts on CloudComputing and CooperatingClouds • Details on RESERVOIR, the EuropeanCloudInitiative, a 7FP Project • Descriptionof RESERVOIR Use Cases • Analysisof the CloudNameSpaces • The CloudNaming System Framework • RESERVOIR UseCases In FederatedCloudScenarios and theirCNSFsasSupportfor the CloudFederation • Conclusionand Future Works • Acknoledgments SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  3. Definition of Ian Foster, the father of Grid Computing Reported on: Cloud computing and grid computing 360-degree A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managedcomputing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet. University of Messina What’s Cloud Computing • A large-scale distributed computing paradigm, in which a pool of virtualized resources are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet. • Virtualization allows servers, storage devices, and other hardware to be treated as a pool of resources rather than discrete systems. • It’s a highly dynamic environment, where virtual resources can be migrated and composed in order to provide IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  4. University of Messina Cloud Challenges • Security • QoS • Virtualization • Monitoring • Green Computing • Resource Management • Resource Optimization • … • Naming and Resource Location SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  5. Different subsequent stages for Cloud Computing market T. Bittman, The evolution of the cloud computing market, Gartner Blog Network, http://blogs.gartner.com/thomas bittman/2008/11/03/the- evolution-of-the-cloud-computing-market/, November 2008. • 1)Monolithic: (now !!!!), cloud services are based on proprietary architectures - islands of cloud services delivered by megaproviders (this is what Amazon, Google, Salesforce and Microsoft look like today). • 2) Vertical Supply Chain: some cloud providers will leverage cloud services from other providers. The clouds will be proprietary islands yet, but the ecosystem building will start. • 3) Horizontal Federation: smaller, medium, and large providers will federate horizontally themselves to gain: economies of scale, an efficient use of their assets, and an enlargement of their capabilities. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  6. European Commission Initiatives: The first phase of the 7FP: Call 1.2 Service and Software Architectures, Infrastructures and Engineering. The software and services sector plays a key role in the information society. They are critical to product innovation and economic growth. Major Contributors: IBM, SAP, SunMicrosystems, Telefonica, Universityof Messina, University College of London, UmeaUniversity, UniversidadComplutense de Madrid, Universityof Lugano, Thales Group, ElsagDatamat, CETIC RESERVOIR: An EU-funded project thatpromotesresearchintocreating a service-based online economy based on distributedcomputing in an “open cloud”. Resources and Services Virtualization without Barriers SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  7. Cloud Computing: A style of computing where massively scalable IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. Premise: No single cloud can create a seemingly infinite infrastructure capable of serving massive amounts of users at all times, from all locations RESERVOIR: Investigate technologies for advanced Cloud ComputingFocus on technologies that enable to build afederation of cooperating computing clouds RESERVOIR SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  8. RESERVOIR Motivations • Service-Oriented economy is at our door • Services over the Internet are winning in the market • Consumers use Facebook, YouTube, eBay, Amazon, Second Life… • SMEs use hosted Microsoft Exchange, Salesforce.com • Enterprises routinely rely on remote IT outsourcing • Services reduce complexity and cost • Service-Oriented Economy requires: • Service-Oriented Infrastructure SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  9. RESERVOIR Vision • The Next Generation Infrastructure for Service Delivery • Provide revolutionary foundation for a new European infrastructure where resources and services can be transparently and dynamically managed, provisioned and relocated like utilities – virtually “without borders” • No single facility/provider can create a seemingly infinite infrastructure capable of serving massive amounts of users at all times, from all locations • Federation of clouds • Leverage the diversity factor to achieve economies of scale • Leverage locality • Analogies exists in areas outside IT services • Electrical power delivery: capacity can be shifted to guarantee supply and lower costs • Roaming cellular communications: talk wherever you are • Enable utility-like deployment of services, relieving the service consumer from awareness of the IT attributes while assuring QoS and security SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  10. RESERVOIR Challenges • The RESERVOIR envisioned highly dynamic and cooperative infrastructure relies on: • A service definition language that captures in a high level language the functional and infrastructure requirements of the service (including servers, images, network, storage, inter-tier relations and QoS requirements) • An abstraction layer that separates implementation details from the high level automation systemthat is responsible for the provisioning, monitoring and reallocation of resources • Inter-domain protocols that enable multiple management sites to cooperate in providing a single service, where the cooperation is automatically driven from a service definition document (fully automated cross-domains SLA management) • The capability of creating fully isolated virtual organizations spread across geographies and management domains • The flexibility of placing and relocating service instances on resources anywhere even across geographies and management domains SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  11. The pillars of CC (according to RESERVOIR) • Separation • Cloud computing providers lease resources on pay-per-use basis but do not expose infrastructure details to customers or partners • Cloud computing consumers use leased resources without exposing details of their applications to providers • Isolation • Given the hosting nature of cloud computing providers, consumers need mechanisms and warranties that their application are isolated from others that are being hosted in the same infrastructure • Elasticity • Cloud computing providers should automatically adjust the resources allocated to a particular application according to “elasticity rules” provided by cloud computing consumer • And… Federation To overcome the finite amount of resources available locally, cloud computing providers should be able to collaborate among themselves and share their resources SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  12. Federation of cooperating clouds My Private Cloud My Partner Cloud A Public Cloud: i.e Amazon SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  13. RESERVOIR referencearchitecture: a federationofheterogeneousphysicalinfrastructures. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  14. Descriptionof the RESERVOIR Use Cases • The UTILITY COMPUTING Application • The TELCO Application • The eBUSINESS Application • The eGOVERNMENT Application SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  15. The UTILITY COMPUTING Application • Based on SunGridEngine (SGE or GE) • SGE providesworkload management and dynamicprovisioningofapplicationworkloads. • SGE acceptsjobsfrom the outside world, queues and schedulesthemaccordingtopolicies • SunGridEngine can be in clusteredconfiguration. The cluster consistsof the followingcorecomponents: • hosts, • Daemons • Queues • Todeploysuch a system in a Cloudinfrastructureitisnecessarytoguaranteeintercommunicationamongall the VirtualMachinethathost the GRID environment. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  16. The TELCO Application • Telcooperator: Telefonica Spain • Massive access Web Serviceslinkedto a worldwideevent, like the Olympics, or a service likeYoutube • “Platformas a Service” (PaaS) business modelwhere the Telcooperatorcouldhostowned or third party servicesover a CloudComputing. • Third party service couldbecreatedwithplatformservices (billing, messaging, video streaming, VoIP, etc.). • Transparentintercommunicationamong the inter-domain federatednetworks SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  17. The eBUSINESSApplication • eBusinessuse case based on a commercial application, the SAP software customers management. • A SAP system is a three-tiers system consistingof a presentationlayer, applicationlayer and a database layer. • The maincomponents are:• • DialogueInstance (DI)hosts the work processesthatexecute the ABAP programsas a responsetouserrequests. • Thereisonly a single CentralInstance (CI) per SAP system. The CIcommunicateswith the DIs and performscentralservicessuchaslocking, messaging, registrationofDIs, and sessioninitiation and loadbalancingamongDis. • A single Database Management System (DBMS) serves the SAP system. The DBMS accessesitsstorageeitheras a Network-AttachedStorage (NAS) or by a Storage Area Network (SAN). • Intercommunicationamongall the physicalhosts and hypervisorswhere the VMsofDIs, CIs and DBMS are confined, even in partner clouds SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  18. University of Messina Motivations for the Cloud Name Space • A cloud environment includes many concrete and abstracted entities which need to be identified, whose states can frequently change • e.g. A “virtual machine” • It can be allocated, deallocated or migrated from a cloud to another. • A migration could trigger an identity alteration: a virtual resoruce being part of a virtual cloud service could later become part of another cloud service. • Cloud entities could have one or more names, identifiers, and representations in various cloud contexts SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  19. University of Messina Cooperating Clouds: Naming Issues • Clouds are heterogeneous: each cloud may have its own naming system (e.g. DNS, URI-based, P2P, …) • These naming systems, considered alone, are not enough. • The management and integration of Independent Cloud Name Spaces can be difficult. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  20. University of Messina OurCloudNameSpaceAnalysis • Which are the entities involved in cloud computing? • CloudNamedEntityClass (CNEC) • CloudNamedEntity (CNE). • A genericentityindicatedbyone or more names, whichmayreferbothtoreal/abstracted and simple/structuredentities. Abstracted and Structured SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  21. University of Messina OurCloudNameSpaceAnalysis • Which are the entities involved in cloud computing? • CloudNamedEntityClass (CNEC) • CloudNamedEntity (CNE). • A genericentityindicatedbyone or more names, whichmayreferbothtoreal/abstracted and simple/structuredentities. Real and Structured SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  22. University of Messina OurCloudNameSpaceAnalysis • Which are the entities involved in cloud computing? • CloudNamedEntityClass (CNEC) • CloudNamedEntity (CNE). • A genericentityindicatedbyone or more names, whichmayreferbothtoreal/abstracted and simple/structuredentities. Real and Simple SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  23. University of Messina OurCloudNameSpaceAnalysis • Which are the entities involved in cloud computing? • CloudNamedEntityClass (CNEC) • CloudNamedEntity (CNE). • A genericentityindicatedbyone or more names, whichmayreferbothtoreal/abstracted and simple/structuredentities. Abstracted and Simple SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  24. University of Messina CloudContext (CCNTX) • An environment where a CNE may be resolved by means one or more Service End-Points (SEPs). SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  25. University of Messina OurSolution • Our solution to the problem is Cloud Naming System Framework able to • Manage their name spaces • Mapping one or more names associated to a CNE, with the corresponding service representing the target CNE in a given CCNTX. • Help “Cloud Manager Layer” tasks: each of such tasks requires to name and resolve appropriately the involved CNEs inside CCNTXs. • Requirements: • Compatibility • Scalability • Extensibility • Entity description • Name recycling • Non-correlation • Name space integration SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  26. University of Messina AdopedTecnologies in OurPractice Implementation • XRI Protocol • Cloud Name Space Manager • Cloud Name Space Mounter • Cloud Naming System • HTTP Protocol • Resolution of XRI Name • XRDS • Cloud Named Entity Descriptor • DNS • Public Naming System SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  27. University of Messina eXtensibleResourceIdentifier • It provides a standard syntax for identifying entities, regardless any particular concrete representation. • The protocol is built on URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers) and IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifiers) • Since an URL is also an URI, the protocol provides a parsing mechanism from XRI to URL and other compatible URN domain. • Global Context Symbols (GCS): “@”, “=“, “+” • Persistent and reassignable identifiers: i-numbers (Canonical ID) and i-names (Local ID). • E.g. xri://@CLOUDA*lab2*host1*VM3 SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  28. University of Messina eXtensible Resource Descriptor Document The virtual machine name is mounted on the parent XRI Authority xri://@CLOUDA*lab2*host1 with xri://@CLOUDA*lab2*host1*VM3 SEP Information SEP Authentication SEP Performance SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  29. XRI and the TELCO Use Case SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  30. XRI and the eBUSINESSUse Case SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  31. XRI and the UTILITY COMPUTING Use Case SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  32. University of Messina Conclusion • The Frameworkprovides a flexiblemechanismfor the integrationofindependentcloudnamespaces. • It can addressanykindofcloud scenario • It can supportanyURI-basednaming system • It can help the resource management in federatedcloudenvironments. • It can beeasilyapplicabile on severalReservoirUse Cases: • RESERVOIR 7FP European Project. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  33. University of Messina Future Works • Implementing the modulesbeingintegrated in the RESERVOIR architectureableto deal with RESERVOIR’sUse Cases • Testingthe performance of the nameresolution and information retrieval • Planning othernamespaceintegrationschemas. • Makingsecure the nameresoulutionconsideringalso security policies. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  34. University of Messina Acknoledgments The researchleadingto the resultspresented in thispaperhasreceivedfundingfrom the EuropeanUnion’sseventhframework programme (FP7 2007-2013) Project RESERVOIR under grantagreeementnumber 215605. SPEDA 2010 - Atlanta, August 24 2010

  35. THANK YOU? Francesco Longo (flongo@unime.it) University of Messina, Italy

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