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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). By: Rian Asmeida Farha binti Ahmad Rejab Wan Fadhilah binti Wan Ibrahim. INTRODUCTION.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) By: RianAsmeidaFarhabinti Ahmad Rejab Wan Fadhilahbinti Wan Ibrahim

  2. INTRODUCTION • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal; however, with recent medical advances, fatalities are becoming increasingly rare. • The immune system attacks the body’s cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. • SLE can affect any part of the body, but most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. • Lupus can occur at any age, and is most common in women, particularly of non-European descent.

  3. EPIDEMIC • About 90% of SLE sufferers are women while about 10% are men and children. • About 90% of women with SLE are in their childbearing years, within the range of 15 to 50 years old.Ratio of SLE sufferers :In the West, among Afro-Carribeans 1 in 250-500 peopleUSA - 1 in 2,000 peopleChina - 1 in 1,000 people • In Malaysia, it is estimated that more than 10,000 people have been diagnosed with SLE over the past 30 years. However, this number may be only the tip of the iceberg. The Malaysian SLE Association believes that there are many more SLE sufferers in Malaysia who have not been diagnosed.

  4. Statistics by Country for Lupus About prevalence and incidence statistics in general for Lupus: The word 'prevalence' of Lupus usually means the estimated population of people who are managing Lupus at any given time

  5. ETIOLOGY • The cause(s) of lupus is currently unknown, but there are environmental and genetic factors involved. • Some environmental factors which may trigger the disease include : • Infections • antibiotics (especially those in the sulfa and penicillin groups) • ultraviolet light • extreme stress • certain drugs • hormones.

  6. SYMPTOMS

  7. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus butterfly rash Skin rashes Finger turns blue

  8. DIAGNOSIS

  9. DIAGNOSIS Adapted from: Tan, E.M., et. al. The 1982 Revised Criteria for the Classification of SLE. Arth Rheum 25: 1271-1277.

  10. blood tests in the diagnosis of SLE • The anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA) to determine if autoantibodies to cell nuclei are present in the blood. • The anti-DNA antibody test to determine if there are antibodies to the genetic material in the cell . • The anti-Sm antibody test to determine if there are antibodies to Sm, which is a ribonucleoprotein found in the cell nucleus . • Tests to examine the total level of serum (blood) complement (a group of proteins which can be consumed in immune reactions), and specific levels of complement proteins C3 and C4.

  11. treatments • Drug therapy • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antimalarials • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) • Immunomodulating Drugs • Anticoagulants • Lifestyle changes • avoiding direct sunlight, covering up with sun-protective clothing, and using strong UVA/UVB sunblock lotion can also be effective in preventing photosensitivity problems. • Weight loss is also recommended in overweight and obese patients to alleviate some of the effects of the disease, especially where joint involvement is significant.

  12. REFERENCES • http://www.lupus.org/webmodules/webarticlesnet/templates/new_aboutintroduction.aspx?articleid=75&zoneid=9 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus • http://www.lupusmalaysia.org/e/what-is-sle/ • http://www.cureresearch.com/l/lupus/stats-country.htm

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