BELLWORK: 3/26

1. BELLWORK: 3/26 • What is nationalism? • How did nationalism influence imperialism? • How might imperialism lead to conflict between European powers? • Define mobilization. • THINKER: What is an alliance? Why do countries or people make alliances? What could go wrong with an alliance?

2. WORLD WAR I “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars”

3. MAIN CAUSES OF WWI • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

4. MILITARISM • Militarism: building up armed forces; getting ready for war. • Includes military influence in the government, increased spending, new weapon creation and army conscription (the draft). • Created a massive arms race European Military Spending Year Millions of $

5. Militarism

6. ALLIANCES • Alliance: agreement or promise to defend and help another country. • In WWI, there were two alliances: • Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Great Britain, France & Russia

8. Alliances

9. IMPERIALISM • Imperialism: establishing political, economic and military dominance over weaker nations. • European powers competed for territories in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. • These imperialistic rivalries led to bad relations between the powers, strengthening of alliances, and extreme hostility.

10. Imperialism

11. NATIONALISM • Nationalism: pride and loyalty to your nation (or group). • Two kinds of nationalism during WWI: • Oppressed groups’ desire for independence • Serbians oppressed by Austria-Hungary (Slavs) • Independent nation’s desire for dominance • European Empires (Britain, Austria-Hungary & Germany)

12. Slavic Nationalism

13. Nationalism

14. MAIN Causes • Germany wished to build her Empire. This is known as _____________. Germany also built up her armed forces – known as _____________. • Smaller countries, like the Slavic states, were under the domination of larger empires, like Austria-Hungary, which created a desire for independence, or _____________. • As Britain had the most powerful navy, she was worried about other countries building up their armed forces. We could call this a worry about _____________. In order to ease her worry, Britain made an _____________ with France, or an agreement to help defend. • Countries in Europe were very proud of themselves, and would defend their country as best as possible. This is known as ____________________.

15. In your opinion, which of the four causes had the biggest impact on starting WWI? Explain!

17. BELLWORK: 3/27 • Describe the two types of nationalism pre-WWI (include an example country for both!) • Explain the two alliances of WWI. • Who were the Slavs? What was Serbia’s goal with regards to the Slavs? (page 646) • THINKER: Even though the event that triggered WWI was in the Balkans, it eventually caused 60 countries to declare war! Why? Why was this conflict impossible to contain?

18. Slavic Nationalism

19. Outbreak of War • The four MAIN causes had been building for 40-50 years, but there was one direct event that pushed Europe into war……. • The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914. • To learn more about this event and how it contributed to the outbreak of WWI, read pgs. 646-647 and answer questions 1-8

20. The Black Hand • By 1914 there were around 2,500 members of the Black Hand. The group was mainly made up of junior army officers but also included lawyers, journalists and university professors. • Their goal??? • BREAK FREE FROM AUSTRIA-HUNGARY! INDEPENDENCE FOR THE SLAVS!

24. Princip Bridge: sight of Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination

25. REVIEW: Outbreak of War 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WORLD WAR I

26. Outbreak of War – Chain Reaction • Assassination of Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist. • Austria-Hungary mobilizes against Serbia, with German support (Blank Check) • Russia mobilizes because of their alliance with Serbia • Germany joins in response to Russia • German forces sent into Belgium • France and Britain mobilize against the Central Powers

28. Mind map notes on the Western front, Eastern front, Trench Warfare, Air Warfare, women’s roles & New Weapons (pages 648-650 & video) Fighting world war i

29. The Schlieffen Plan • What was the goal of the Schlieffen Plan? • What was the outcome? What problems did Germany encounter? • How did the British and French respond to Germany’s invasion?

30. Trench Warfare Both sides would dig elaborate trenches facing each other. Result would be a stalemate situation- both sides stuck, neither able to attack because the other can defend so well. Men would charge across open fields rushing to the opposing side & be cut down with machine gun fire.

36. Trench Foot

37. Men killed in the trenches were buried where they fell. Large numbers of decomposing bodies filled up the trenches This attracted rats Rats were carriers of diseases, like malaria and influenza. Trench Rats

38. No proper system of waste disposal Soldiers would use tins to deposit waste and throw them over the trench. This lack of sanitation caused disease to spread rapidly. Diseases and Sanitation

39. Also known as Combat Stress Reaction (CSR) In WWI, shell shock was considered a psychiatric illness resulting from injury to the nerves during combat The horrors of trench warfare meant that about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed and the total proportion of troops who became casualties (killed or wounded) was 56%. Shellshock

40. Tanks Machine Guns Mortars (shot a shell in a high arc over a relatively short distance) Flamethrowers Helmets Barbed Wire Mustard Gas New weapons in WWI

42. MUSTARD GAS

43. Video: WWI – Slaughter in the Trenches • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLEIalZiCMo • Continue adding notes to your mind map… especially Western Front battles, new weapons & women’s roles. • I will check these for points next class!

44. Discussion • Why do countries go to war? Are there good and bad reasons? Explain!