DESIGNING WITH CURTAINWALL AND STOREFRONT

1. DESIGNING WITH CURTAINWALL AND STOREFRONT

2. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or ay method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Thank you!

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Definitions of Curtain Wall and Storefront • Curtain Wall and Storefront applications • Curtain Wall and Storefront profiles and dimensions • Installation of Curtain Wall and Storefront • Product Selection for your application

4. Curtain Wall: A “non-load bearing” exterior glazing system used to create the exterior skin of a building

5. Storefront: Aluminum and glass framing system typically used at ground floor locations of commercial buildings

6. Curtain Wall Multi-span locations Higher design pressures Greater than 10’ high Custom design features Storefront Single Span Typically less than 10’ tall Economical Narrower site-lines Narrower system depth CURTAIN WALL VS. STOREFRONT

7. CURTAINWALL & STOREFRONT • Typically erected and glazed on-site (Stick-built) • Curtain Wall can be unitized and field erected

8. CURTAINWALL AND STOREFRONT COMPONENTS • Profiles and depths will vary, but component names are fairly similar • Some of the terminology……..

9. Head: The horizontal frame member which forms the top of a frame Head

10. Sill: The bottom horizontal in the framing system Sill

11. Jamb: The vertical frame member forming the side of an opening, or the side of a door Jamb

12. Mullion: A vertical framing member separating fixed lights of glass Mullion

13. Intermediate Horizontal: The horizontal member used between two lites of glass Intermediate Horizontal

14. Pressure Plate: An exterior extrusion that is mechanically fastened to hold the glass in place in CURTAINWALL applications Pressure Plate

15. Cover: The finished snap on piece at the exterior of the building applied to the pressure plate Pressure Bar Cover Cover

16. Screw Splines: Anchoring method in which screws are used in splines to assemble the framing Screw Splines

17. Shear Blocks: Anchoring system utilizing an aluminum block to secure horizontals to the verticals Shear Blocks

18. Steel Reinforcement: Steel channel or tube needed to stabilize the mullion in certain conditions- can be used with curtainwall OR storefront Steel Reinforcement

19. STOREFRONT SYSTEMS • These are erected and glazed on-site (Stick-built) • Can also be shop-fabricated and site-erected • DEFINITIONS AND DIMENSIONS:

20. Storefront Product Selection- Typical System Dimensions • 1-3/4” x 4-1/2” Non-thermal • 2” x 4-1/2” Non-Thermal & Thermal • Center Glazed vs. Front Set

21. STOREFRONT: CENTER GLAZED

22. STOREFRONT: Front Glazed System

23. STOREFRONT: Water Deflectors: Used where the horizontal and vertical meet, it keeps water away from the top edge of the glass below Water Deflectors

24. STOREFRONT: Subsill: An outlet for water that is used at the sill of a storefront frame Sill/Subsill

25. STOREFRONT: End Dams: Used in the subsill to keep water from penetrating the interior side of the frame End Dam Apply sealant at joint of flashing and end dam as shown

26. STOREFRONT: Weep Holes: A hole in the system that allows water to drain Weep Holes (2 req’d per lite) Weep Hole

27. STOREFRONT: Install Individual Units Snap front edge in place, then rotate the frame to snap rear of frame in place Individually Assembled Units

28. CURTAINWALL: VARIATIONS ON A THEME • SSG – Structural Silicone Glazed • Inside Set • Stick Built vs Unitized

29. Stick Built Metal is field assembled (fabricated) from extrusion “sticks” Glass is installed after metal installation Conventional installation method Unitized All fabrication (metal & glass) is done in the shop Decreases field labor costs Increase shop labor and equipment costs Able to offer shorter installation time frame CURTAIN WALLSTICK BUILT VS. UNITIZED

30. Conventional Curtain Wall: A stick built system utilizing pressure plates 1. Assemble Jambs, Mullions and Horizontals. 2. Set the Glass. 3. Install the Pressure Plates.

31. Unitized Curtain Wall: A factory glazed system installed in large units

32. SSG (Structural Silicone Glazed) Mullions: Mullions that are specifically for “butt glazing” or structural silicone glazing

33. SSG System: Used to achieve the appearance of a seamless system vertically on the outside Top View

34. Inside Glazed System: Typically used to eliminate working on the exterior side of the building Top View

35. Inside Glazed Horizontal: Typically used to eliminate working on the exterior side of the building Intermediate Horizontal Glass Stop

36. Inside Glazed Mullion: A mullion that does not utilize a pressure plate at the verticals but only at the horizontals Intermediate Horizontal Glass Stop

37. WATER & WIND ISSUES • A quality installation is critical! This includes anchorage AND proper sealing of the system • Water will, at some point penetrate the exterior of these systems…. • These systems are designed to manage water that may enter the system

38. Rain Screen: The exposed outer skin or surface element of the wall, backed by an air space, designed to shield the joints from water Rain Screen Air Space

39. Pressure Equalization: The method of equalizing the air pressure within a cavity with the pressure outside the cavity Moisture which collects in the “Wet” Area can drain out through the weep holes. The “Wet” Area and the area behind the snap cap are all of the same pressure – thus pressure equalization. Critical Seal (As long as this seal is kept intact, pressure equalization is maintained.) Snap Cap Weep Holes “Wet” Area

40. Water Control: The equal pressure and rain screen allows gravity to take the water out of the weep holes. If the chamber was not equal the water would permeate Snap Cap Critical Seal Proper Drainage Built up moisture in the wet area drains through the weep holes and out of the system. “Wet” Area

41. Water Control: The equal pressure and rain screen allows gravity to take the water out of the weep holes. If the chamber was not equal the water would percolate Improper Drainage Blockage Built up moisture in the wet area cannot drain through the weep holes, due to a blockage, and eventually can degrade the integrity of the critical seal and begin to percolate into the building. Seal in this area degrades and weeping occurs, thus moisture in the internal area of the horizontal

42. Weep Holes: A hole in the system that allows water to drain Weep Holes (2 required per lite) Weep Hole

43. Joint Plugs: Used to keep water from running down the vertical glass pocket Joint Plugs

44. Mullion Caps: Used at the top and bottom of the mullion to insure a continuous perimeter bead of sealant Head Sill

45. Outside Force Deflection: The amount of inward or outward movement on the assembly when wind pressure is applied Stress is produced at the anchor points Normal Condition No occurrence of Deflection, stresses are distributed equally around frame. Deflection Condition Deflection produces stress at the anchored points, in this case in the corners of the frame.

46. Wind Load Anchor: Allows for movement due to expansion or contraction and live load deflection of the floor slabs Drill holes after alignment has been completed. Nylatron Pad Steel Angle

47. Dead Load Anchor: Typically used at the floor slabs designed to maintain a rigid connection of the vertical member to the building construction Drill holes after alignment has been completed. Nylatron Pad Steel Angle

48. “F” Anchor: Used at the top and bottom of the Jambs to anchor the member. “F” Anchors “T” Anchors

49. Install Anchor Bolts at Sill and Head locations Install Anchor Bolts at “T” and “F” Anchor locations.

50. Embed: An anchor typically used at the floor slabs that is preset in the concrete. The Curtain Wall can be welded or bolted to this anchor Concrete Slab Embedded Anchor