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How much biomass can Europe use without harming the environment? Results of EEA Studies

How much biomass can Europe use without harming the environment? Results of EEA Studies. Uwe R. Fritsche Coordinator, Energy & Climate Division Öko-Institut (Institut for applied ecology), Darmstadt Office Work sponsored by.

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How much biomass can Europe use without harming the environment? Results of EEA Studies

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  1. How much biomass can Europe use without harming the environment?Results of EEA Studies Uwe R. Fritsche Coordinator, Energy & Climate Division Öko-Institut (Institut for applied ecology), Darmstadt Office Work sponsored by presented at the Expert Meeting on Biodiversity Standards and Strategies for sustainable cultivation of Biomass for non-food Purposes, Isle of Vilm, March 13-15, 2008

  2. Partners & Objectives • Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology, DE) • Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (NL) • European Forest Institute (EFI, FI) • AEA-Technology (AEAT, UK) • Wageningen University & Research, Alterra (NL) + subcontracts for CEE countries (forest potentials) + workshop partners Mediterranean (JRC, ES, GR, IT) Determine EU domestic bioenergy potential that causes • no additional pressure on farmland, forest biodiversity and soil/water resources • respects other environmental objectives(organic farming, waste minimization, climate targets)

  3. EU Biomass in Perspective • Biomass use today approx. 60 MtOE • EU renewables target 12% in 2010: •  130 MtOE biomass • EU renewable target 20% in 2020: • 210–250 MtOE biomass incl. biofuels target 10% in 2020

  4. Sustainable EU Biomass • agricultural area: 30% for ‘environmentally orientated’ farming in 2030 • set-aside 3 % of intensively used farmland for nature conservation (“ecological stepping stones”) • no grassland conversion to intensive agriculture (cross-compliance, soil carbon, biodiversity) • no conversion of other land to UAA • no forest residues from critical sites • straw use only if soil is protected  Use sub-regional differentiation (NUTS-2 level)

  5. Land Potential: Principles Food and fodder production Yield increase CAP reform Bioenergy Crop production Grassland UAA Environmen- tal frame Competition effect between energy and food market Increase of commodity prices relative to 2000 Crop 2010 2020 2030 rapeseed oil 110% 121% 200% Sugar 115% 127% 200% round wood 115% 132% 152% Wheat, maize 113% 125% 138%

  6. Agricultural Land Potential

  7. Allocation of Crops to Land

  8. Agricultural biomass Which crops are best to grow where? • Differentiate between environmental zones • Determine environmental impact of bioenergy crops • Introduce mix of bioenergy crops (maintain crop/ landscape diversity) • erosion • soil compaction • nutrient inputs groundwater • nutrient inputs in surface water • pesticide pollution of soils and water • water abstraction • "increased fire risk" • diversity of crop types

  9. EEA Sustainable Crop Mix

  10. EU Bio-Potential: Crops

  11. Sustainable Forest Residues • roots and foliage remain in the forest • sustainable nutrient balance • soil type • base saturation • soil erosion • steepness • elevation • soil compaction • peat land • soil water regime • No intensification on protected areas (intrinsic)

  12. 350 Additional agricultural Effect of potential increasing 300 (DE, FR) energy & carbon Additional prices forest 250 potential 200 Agriculture Primary biomass potential, Mtoe 150 Forestry 100 Waste 50 0 2010 2020 2030 Total Bio-Potential EU-25

  13. Sustainable Bioenergy Potential from agriculture by crop

  14. How to use potential? t CO2 avoided per hectare? Replace as much imported fuel as possible Greenhouse gas reduction Supply security Bioenergy t CO2 avoided per Dollar? Environ- mental resources Costs & Employment crop mix respects soil, water synergies with nature protection land use change

  15. Maximize CO2 savings

  16. Sustainable Bioenergy Approx. 15 % of EU prim. energy in 2030 could be from biomass “least cost” mix: 13.3% bio-electricity16.5% bio-heat5.6% bio-fuels

  17. Further Policy and Research Development and implementation of sustainability standards Energy policy to develop framework conditions for environmentally-friendly bioenergy systems Climate changes complicates the picture - affects ability to make assumptions about the future Scale of production: smaller scale easier to come up with solutions tailored to local agri-environmental conditions Crop rotation and diversification important factors Need more research on Life Cycle Assessment of bioenergy crops + bioenergy pathways

  18. More Information: EU Ayla.Uslu@eea.europa.eu Jan-Erik.Petersen@eea.europa.eu www.eea.europa.eu

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