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Announcements. Exam next Monday – all the usual policies apply Matt’s review session will be Wednesday evening instead of tonight 7:00 pm in J 112 For those doing extra credit, it must cover 1 Kings 21 through the end of 2 Kings 2 Chronicles 18 through the end of 2 Chronicles.
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Announcements • Exam next Monday – all the usual policies apply • Matt’s review session will be Wednesday evening instead of tonight • 7:00 pm in J 112 • For those doing extra credit, it must cover • 1 Kings 21 through the end of 2 Kings • 2 Chronicles 18 through the end of 2 Chronicles
Oseh Shalom (Job 25:2b) • O-SEH SHALOM BIMROMAV • The One Who Makes peace in His heights • HU YA’ASEH SHALOM ALENU • He will make peace for us • VE’AL KOL ISRAEL • And for all Israel • VE’IMRU IMRU AMEN • And say say Amen! • YA’ASEH SHALOM, YA’ASEH SHALOM • SHALOM ALENU VE’AL KOL ISRAEL (4 times)
Review and Preview • The people have been called by God • They have the Torah as the statement of the covenant • They were in the Land for ca. 800 years • They had the monarchy and the covenant with David • The Temple had been indicative of God’s presence with them • Because of disobedience, they lost the Land and the Temple • The prophetic material is timely, calling for both national and personal reformation • Here is a rabbinic proverb for us: • The one who studies and forgets is like a woman who gives birth to a child and buries it.
Introductory Issues Definitions of prophecy (II Peter 1:19-21) • God’s communication to humankind through human beings • “carried along by the Holy Spirit” [implications] Torah, history, and prophecy [the rabbinic proverb] • Covenant enforcement mediators – calling God’s people back to the covenant (remember Lev 26; Deut 4 and 28-32) • Critical periods • Elijah and Elisha confronted Baal • The immanent fall of the northern kingdom • Sennacherib’s threat to Judah and Jerusalem • The fall of the south, the destruction of the Temple, and the exile • The return from exile and rebuilding the Temple
Categories of prophets • Former (early) prophets (in Judges, Samuel, Kings and Chronicles) • Who were some of these individuals? • In what contexts did they appear? • Writing prophets • Four major prophets • Twelve minor prophets
Recipients of Prophetic Messages • Israel – Hosea and Amos • Judah before the fall of the north and later the south – Isaiah, Micah, Habakkuk, Jeremiah (Lamentations), Joel, Zephaniah • Exile – Ezekiel (before and during fall of Jerusalem) and Daniel • Return – Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi • Assyria – Jonah and Nahum • Edom – Obadiah • The major prophets also have sections pronouncing doom on foreign nations
The Person of the Prophet • Titles • “man of God” • “seer” • “prophet” (navi) • “servant of the Lord” • Authority of the Call – Isaiah 6; Jeremiah 1; Ezekiel 1-3; Amos 7:12-15 • God’s personal intervention • Prepared for unpopular reception • The prophetic test (or “when is a prophet not a prophet of the Lord?”) – Deut 13:1-3; 18:20-2
The Message of the Prophets • Prophetic “media” • Visions and dreams • Symbolic actions • oracles • Characteristic features of prophetic preaching • Emphasis on the sovereignty of God • Judgment on sin and unbelief • Encouragement for the faithful in difficult times • The messianic hope and the kingdom of God • Kingly reigning Messiah • Suffering Servant