Jefferson & Madison

1. Jefferson & Madison Unit 3, Sections 2-3

2. The Jeffersonian Republic

3. The Revolution of 1800The peaceful transfer of power from Federalist to Democratic-Republican! • John Adams (Federalist) VS Thomas Jefferson (D-R) VS Aaron Burr (D-R) • Jefferson beat out Adams, but tied with Burr! • Alexander Hamilton helped to persuade the House to put Jefferson in office. • Burr, as second place, became the vice president under Jefferson. • Jefferson promised a return to traditional Democratic-Republican ideas • State government, Agrarian Republic, strict construction • Adams Leaves Office

4. The Jeffersonian RepublicPeaceful Transition • Jefferson realized that he had to balance his new policies with the old Federalist policies. • The Alien & Sedition Acts expired • Economic Policy – Secretary of Treasury = Albert Gallatin • Gallatin was nicknamed the Watchdog – meaning he was very protective of the treasury and did not want further debt. Worked to balance budget disagreed with national debt • got rid of excise tax • left funding at par, national bank, & protective tariff • 2 party system can work! • Reduced the size of the military  was fearful of too much power • Attacks by the Tripoli Pirates tried the new military

5. The Jeffersonian RepublicMarbury VS Madison • Prior to leaving office, President Adams issued the Judiciary Act of 1801 • This set up 16 new federal justices, with federalist ideas • Nicknamed the “midnight judges” • New President Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican advisors, felt that Adams overstepped his powers as President and tried to revoke the Judiciary Act. • John Marbury, one of the previously appointed Federalists justices, stated that it was illegal for him not to be given his previously stated office  took Jefferson’s Secretary of State, James Madison, to court : Marbury VS Madison (1803)

6. The Jeffersonian Republic Marbury VS Madison • Marbury VS Madison (1803) • Supreme Court Justice John Marshall looked back at the Constitution to determine what to do, which became known as Judicial Review • Marshall found that the Judiciary Act of 1801 was unconstitutional, taking away the law that initially appointed Marbury • This shows power of the Supreme Court over the Executive Branch, and shows power in the Federal Government.

7. The Jeffersonian RepublicThe Louisiana Purchase • Where in the Constitution does it state we have the right to purchase foreign lands? • Jefferson was a STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST • Should we be allowed to purchase the land? • Napoleon sells all of French Louisiana (828,000 sqmi.) for $15million • doubles size of the US

8. The Jeffersonian RepublicThe Louisiana Purchase • The Discovery Corps: Lewis and Clark were sent to explore the northern region of the newly acquired land • Sacajawea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnT0k9wdDZo&vl=en • Zebulon Pike headed South to explore the Southern area • Loops down all the way to the Rio Grande

9. Aaron Burr • Dropped as T.J.'s VP • trys to organize seccession of N.England • foiled by Alexander Hamilton --> duel • Moves to midwest • tries to plan seccession for Western US • tried for treason • acquitted under John Marshall • Flees to Europe • tries to convince Napoleon to attack US

10. Foreign Diplomacy • Britain & France at War • 1805-Battle of Trafalgar-British Naval Supremacy • 1805-Battle of Austerlitz-French Land SupremacyIndirect methods followed • 1806 - trade regulations from both powers • negative economic impact on US trade • impressment • ~6,000 US men involved • the Chesapeake • The Embargo Act -1807 • killed US economy • smuggling

11. Embargo Act contd. • repealed in 1809 • Non-intercourse Act - trade allowed with any nation except Britain of France • Why was the Embargo Act unsuccessful? • Britain and France utilized resources from other countries/colonies • didn't last long enough for full economic cycle to occur and absorb change • More industrialization in N. England!