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Vets Working With Feeder Cattle Nutrition

Vets Working With Feeder Cattle Nutrition. Simply Put … It is all up to you. Involvement can be … As simple as providing on call service … and gripping about the feeding management As complex as being part of a management team. Possible Management Areas. Health Maintenance Management

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Vets Working With Feeder Cattle Nutrition

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  1. Vets Working With Feeder Cattle Nutrition

  2. Simply Put …It is all up to you. • Involvement can be … • As simple as providing on call service … and gripping about the feeding management • As complex as being part of a management team

  3. Possible Management Areas • Health Maintenance Management • Medical Management • Treatment Protocols … Necropsy • Nutrition … Focus on newly received cattle • Data management & analysis • Environmental • Marketing … at least understand it! • Quality Assurance … training & monitoring

  4. Solving Problems On Feedyards Frequently Requires Working On …

  5. Vets … Work with MEDS Nuts … Work with RATS Vets have a symbiotic relationship with Nuts

  6. Acidosis … Laminitis Polio AIP Urinary Calculi Water Intox. Nutritional Diseases

  7. Environmental Mud 4” = -14% Cold >0º F = 15% Heat Decrease intake Antagonistic Feeds Negative disassociative factor Occurs when rat feedstuffs require different bugs. Nutrient Loss

  8. Nut Terms • DMB = Dry Matter Basis • ADB = Air Dry Basis • (~90% DMB …used for additives) • AFB = As Fed Basis • Call (bunk call) = amount of AF ration to be delivered (usually daily) • Sometimes to indicate remaining feed • DOF = Days On Feed

  9. Nut Terms • TDN = Total Digestible Nutrients (energy) • Not used by real feedyard nuts • NEm = Net Energy for maintenance • NEg = Net Energy for gain • ~ 45 % the NEm of roughage • ~ 65 % the NEm of grains • DIP = Digestible Intake Protein • UIP = Undigestible Intake Protein

  10. Forage Cellulose Cellulolytic Bugs (Slow dig rate) pH 6.2 – 6.8 Volatile Fatty Acids & Methane Glucose Concentrate Starch Amylolytic Bugs (fast dig rate) pH 5.5 – 6.6 Volatile Fatty Acids & Methane + Lactate Glucose Energy Digestion

  11. Volatile Fatty Acid Production • 1° Ruminant Energy Source … Big “3” … (APB) Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate • Forage … 70:15:10 • Concentrate … 50:35:15

  12. Rat Balancing • Resource Management (avail feedstuffs) • Inventory control … Assets … Equity • Aerobic stability … of starting rations • Equipment & People … Record Req. • Formulate ends – divide intermediates • Balance the big stuff • Tweak the little stuff • Get the drugs RIGHT … • QC test … (sample, freeze, test) • Monitor Intakes against projected intakes • Back calculate performance … AutoNRC

  13. Rat Balancing … Pearson Square

  14. Problem … Sick Weaned Feeder • 600 lb … Intake ~ 1.1 % BW (DMB) … intake = 6.6 lbs DM • Protein Requirement = 1.9 lbs CP • Receiving Ration = 13.2% CP … 600 x 2.5% BW = 15 lb x 13.2% = 2 lb CP • Soy Bean Meal (SBM) = 48% • How much SBM must be added to meet the sick calf’s requirements?

  15. Answer … Sick Weaned Feeder • Intake 6.6 lbs (DM) … Needs 1.9 lb CP • 1.9 / 6.6 = 28.8 % CP • R-Rat = 13.2 CP – 28.8 = 15.6 parts SBM • SBM = 48.0 CP – 28.8 = 19.2 parts R-Rat • Total … 34.8 parts • R-Rat = 55.2 % , SBM = 44.8 %

  16. Assignment … Problem • 100 lb animal … Sick … • Bad intake … 1% BW (DMB) • Nutrient requirement = 1/3 (.330) lb • Feedstuff 1: Nutrient % = 28% • Feedstuff 2: Nutrient % = 49% • Question: How much FS1 & FS2 should be mixed together to meet the requirement?

  17. Feeding QA-QC … It’s a HACCP thing • Receiving Mgnt • Source Verification • its a biosecurity issue • Receiving testing • Moisture, Foreign matter, others • Unloading Traffic Flow … • Cross Contamination

  18. Feeding QA-QC … It’s a HACCP thing • Feedstuffs Storage • Silage … moisture, size & the 3 “P”s • Cross contamination • Varmints, Vehicles, Wind • Processing • Particle Size … Added Moisture

  19. Fermented Feed Molds • Mold White to Pinkish-White * Fusarium moniliforme * Fusarium oxysporum * Fusarium sp. * Gibberella zeae (to red) Mucor sp. (black spore) * Rhizoctonia sp. Rhizopus sp. (black spore)

  20. Fermented Feed Molds • Mold Yellow to Yellow-Green * Aspergillus flavus * Aspergillus ochraceus * Aspergillus parasiticus Aspergillus sp. * Gibberella zeae

  21. Fermented Feed Molds • Mold Brown to Black Alternaria sp. Aspergillus niger Helminthosporium sp. Rhizoctonia sp. • Mold Green to Blue-Green *Penicillium sp. * Penicillium viridicatum Trichoderma sp.

  22. Feed QA - QC • Feed additives • Protect and Isolate • Additive Cross contamination • Keep pesticides away from feed • Batch / Use Records • All used on air dry basis (ADB) • No ELDU of FDA approved additives

  23. MGA estrus control ADG + 10 % FE – 5 to 6 % +/- Carcass Quality Rumensin intake control ADG +/- 0 % FE – 7 to 10 % (roughage) +/- Carcass Quality Bovatec ADG +6 to 7 % FE – 7 to 10 % CTC & Aureo-S-700 - sickness ADG +20 %, FE – 15 % … all short term (28 days) Decrease sickness 10 to 35 Can feed 10mg/lb/d – 5 days WD = 10 days Tylan / OTC - Liver abscess A+ livers: ADG - 3 to 5 %, FE - 7 % Feed Additives … (all added on “air dry basis” ADB & No ELDU)

  24. Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) Scope • Applies only to approved animal & human drugs • Valid VCPR • Lay ELDU not allowed • Does not allow ELDU of feed additives

  25. AMDUCA’ Scope • ELDU permitted only when animal’s health is threatened or animal is suffering. • Therapeutic only. • No ELDU allowed for production purposes • Implants … reproductive … etc

  26. Feed Additives Legal Combinations

  27. Assignment … Problem Medicate the following ration with 10 grams per ton of finished feed with Tylan 100 (100 g/lb) Rat = 50:50 mix of Corn & Silage Rolled Corn (DM = 80%),Corn silage (DM = 30%) How may grams of Tylan 100 should be added per ton of finished (AF) feed? Remember … adding the wrong amount violates federal law

  28. Nut Tips • Start half-&-half (not really) • Step up to 90% Energy (NEg) • 48 to 50 NEg => 4/5 steps => 62 to 65 NEg • Protein … match AGE & breed • Ca – P … Yes to Ca … NO to P • P becomes a displaced environmental mineral • S … < 0.2 % (Include the water) • … POLIO … • WET & COLD • (a B1 aerobic stability & fermentation effect

  29. Nut Tips • Urea (281%) … <1.0% • Vit A … 1,000 IU/lb feed (DBM) • Feed it, don’t INJECT it …unless (off dry grass) • Injection Where & How … a test question ??? • Vit E … 10 IU/lb feed (DBM) • Meat Shelf-life = 50,000 IU total last 90 days

  30. Feed Mixing • Order depend on the mixing box • Auger = course to fine • Wheel = fine to course

  31. Starting Cattle On Feed • Feed on DMB (~50 NEg) • 1 % BW + ½ % Hay • 1.5 % BW by 7 days … no hay • Increase 0.5% BW each 7 days • Never do 2 things at the same time • … ie, Change Rat & Change Delivery • Control aggression …hay or bunk deliveries • Sickness will dictate intake … deliveries

  32. Acidosis • Biochemical & physiological stresses caused by rapid & excessive production & absorption of organic acids & endotoxins when an animal over consumes a meal of readily fermentable carbohydrates, usually grains. • The severity of the acidosis insult determines the symptoms observed … subacute (ph <5.6) to  acute (ph <5.0)

  33. Grain & Processing Ranked by Ruminal Starch Digestion  Fast • Wheat • Barley • High Moisture Corn (ground) • Steam Flaked Corn & High Moisture Corn (whole) • Dry Rolled Corn – Steam Flaked Grain Sorghum • Dry Whole Corn • Dry Rolled Grain Sorghum  Slow

  34. Typical pH – Feed Response

  35. Acute Visible Diet Transition Intake Regulation Forage = fill Grain = chem mech SDS, PEM, Liv Abs Wall damage Reduce absorb Reduce gain & FE Founder (previous >45) Subacute Difficult to observe Reduced intake Pen conditions Individual reduction masked by pen average Erratic feed intake patterns Intake  pH Acidosis Symptoms

  36. Subclinical Acidosis

  37. DMI – pH Response

  38. Reduced Intakes Cost IW = 700, OW = 1400, Feed = $100 (DMB), OH = $0.30/D

  39. Acidosis Factors • Grain Source & Processing • Rate & extent of ruminal digestion • Roughage Source & Processing • Additives (ionophore, buffer, etc) • Rat Step Up Management • Sudden Intake Change • Environmental Change

  40. pH  intake All cattle affected Bunk consistency Multiple deliveries Proper processing Roughage (3-10%) Grain adaptation (14-28D) Don’t change two things at once Bunk mgnt flex Ionophore Monitor records Consistency Habit Acidosis Control

  41. Corn Processing

  42. Blending Grains

  43. Wet Milling Steep Grind  Wash Steep Separate  Starch, Fructose  Gluten meal  Oil Bran(+Steep=GlutenFeed) GF = ~ 100% Corn Corn Byproducts(1/3 Starting Corn Weight … Conserves All Protein & Fiber) Dry Milling • Grind, Soak, Cook • Ferment (Yeast) • Still  Alcohol • Stillage • Distillers Grains • Distillers Solubles DG = ~ 125% Corn

  44. Intake Prediction Is Everything • The best way to predict intake … • CONTROL IT ! … take charge of the bunk • Intake prediction equations …

  45. Bunk Management • Slick vs. Adlib … • Slick (clean) … clean up daily • Adlib … never let the bunk run out • Cattle are evening & dawn eaters • Deliveries … 60 : 40 • Once a day … feed in the evening

  46. Bunk Management • Bunk Space dictates frequency • (6 to 12”) … less space … more often • Moisture dictates frequency • Aerobic stability … fermented feeds sour • Retained Moist Feed = Mold

  47. Bunk Management • 4 “R”s … • Right Rat, Right Pen, Right Amt, Right Time • 3 “W”s of reading bunks … • What’s in the bunk • What’s do the cattle look like • What time is it … relative to last feeding & next scheduled feeding • Read & Record … Read & Record … Clock IT

  48. Water … • The most important nutrient … right? • Know what other nutrients are in the water … SO4 • Requirement … 8 to 10 % BW • 1000 critter needs + 10 gallons a day • UNLESS … its hot • Heat (>82º F) … double water need • Hide color affects water needs in the heat • RESERVE CAPACITY IS EVERYTHING • Days water needs in 2 hrs when it is hot • Measure when system is stressed (2 hrs post feeding)

  49. Implants … & humans No Withdrawal Time Required • Lets look at sources of estrogens …

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