An Early Model of Consumer Behavior

1. An Early Model of Consumer Behavior Culture Social Motives Attitudes Consumer Purchase Decision Needs Learning Family Business Perception Personality Economic

2. EKB Model of Consumer Behavior Inputs Info Processing Dec. Process D. P. Variables External Factors Problem Recognition Beliefs Cultural Norms Exposure Attitudes Search Attention Group Imfluence Intentions Alt. Eval. Yielding/ Acceptance M E M O R Y Stimuli of Marketers and Others Evaluative Criteria Family Influence Choice. Retention Lifestyle Outcomes Unexpected Circum- stances Comprehension Normative Compliance Satisf/Diss

3. Engle-Kollatt-Blackwell CB Model Highlights: Focus is on the Decision Making Process The Decision Process is Impacted by: Inputs How Information is Processed Specific Decision Process Variables External Influences

4. Howard-Sheth Model of Consumer Behavior Inputs Perceptual Constructs Learning Constructs Outputs Motives Overt Search Attention Confidence Brand Comprehension Stimulus Ambiguity Brand Comprehension Social, Symbolic and Direct Stimuli Choice Criteria Attitude Attention Attitude Attention Intention Perceptual Bias Satisfaction Purchase

5. Howard-Sheth CB Model Marketing Strategy andConsumer Behavior Highlights: Deals with three types of buying categories RRB, LPS, EPS Four General Factors Inputs Perceptual Constructs Learning Constructs Outputs (External or Internal)

6. HCB Model of Consumer Behavior EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Culture Subculture Demographics Social Status Reference Groups Family Marketing Activities Experiences and Acquisitions SITUATIONS Problem Recognition Information Search Alternative Evaluation and Selection Outlet Selection and Purchases Post-purchase Processes SITUATIONS SELF-CONCEPT and LIFESTYLE Desires Needs INTERNAL INFLUENCES Perception Learning Memory Motives Personality Emotions Attitudes Experiences and Acquisitions