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Understanding Birth Defects and Miscarriage

Learn about the causes and risks of birth defects, miscarriage, and stillbirth, including environmental factors, hereditary influences, and prenatal testing options. Discover how these conditions can impact pregnancy and how to navigate potential complications.

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Understanding Birth Defects and Miscarriage

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  1. Losing a Baby • Miscarriage: before 20 weeks • Stillbirth: after 20 weeks

  2. Birth Defects • Serious problems that threaten health or ability to live • Some mild some lifelong disabilties • 3 of every 100 children born in U.S have a birth defect • Not all are apparent at birth

  3. Environmental • First few weeks baby depends on mother for nourishment and oxygen. • Balanced diet • Disease/infection of mother • Harmful substances • Medicines • Exposure to hazards

  4. Hereditary • 5-6 recessive genes are imperfect in person • Single copy will have no effect but both parents may pass on recessive gene • Chromosome errors: could have too few or too many • Down syndrome: one child in 800 births

  5. Prenatal Tests • Ultrasound: sound waves to make video image. Skeletal/organ defects detected • Amniocentesis: withdrawal sample of amniotic fluid using needle. 1 in every 200 women have a miscarriage • Chorionic villi sampling: small amounts of tissue from membrane. Small tube entered through vagina into uterus, tissue sampled. Very risky

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