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From POSL to d-POSL: Making the Positional-Slotted Language Defeasible

Daniel Latimer Team 1 Hanin Almutairi Chaudhry Usman Ali. From POSL to d-POSL: Making the Positional-Slotted Language Defeasible. Advisors: Nick Bassiliades, Efstratios Kontopoulos Instructor: Dr. Harold Boley. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT MODEL. POSL.

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From POSL to d-POSL: Making the Positional-Slotted Language Defeasible

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  1. Daniel Latimer • Team 1 HaninAlmutairi • Chaudhry Usman Ali From POSL to d-POSL: Making the Positional-Slotted Language Defeasible Advisors: Nick Bassiliades, Efstratios Kontopoulos Instructor: Dr. Harold Boley

  2. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT MODEL

  3. POSL • POSL integrates positional and slotted knowledge for humans e.g. Prolog’s positional and F-logic’s slotted knowledge. Positional Notation: shipment(PC,47.5,BostonMos,LondonSciM).(Prolog Inspired) Slotted Notation: shipment(cargo->PC;price->47.5,source->BostonMos;dest->LondonSciM).(F-Logic Inspired) Positional-slotted Notation: shipment(PC,47.5;source->BostonMos;dest->LondonSciM). : -> ^^ URI ->IRI POSL POSL 1.0

  4. POSL FLOW Changes implemented in original POSL.g to tackle updates. ANTLR POSL POSL 1.0

  5. Defeasible Logic • “Defeasible logic, originally created by Donald Nute with a particular concern about efficiency and implementation, is a simple and efficient rule based non-monotonic formalism. Over the years the logic has been developed and extended, and several variants have been proposed”. • “The main intuition of the logic is to be able to derive “plausible” conclusions from partial and sometimes conflicting information”. 

  6. Kinds of Rules • There are three kinds of rules in defeasible logic, each represented • by a different arrow:

  7. Features of d-POSL

  8. ANTLR • “ANTLR, ANother Tool for Language Recognition, is a language tool that provides a framework for constructing recognizers, interpreters, compilers, and translators from grammatical descriptions containing actions in a variety of target languages”. Lexer ANTLR EBNF Grammar Parser

  9. How it works Stream of Characters LEXER Tokens PARSER Interpretation of tokens according to rules

  10. Interpretation

  11. Test Rig

  12. OO jDREW modifications • Update the Converter application • Current features: • Convert RuleML 0.88/0.91 • to POSL 0.91 • Convert POSL 0.91 to • RuleML 0.88 or 0.91

  13. OO jDREW modifications • Upgraded Functionality • 1. Upgrade POSL • 0.91 to 1.0 • 2. Convert RuleML0.88/ • 0.91/1.0 to POSL 1.0 • 3. Functionality to upgrade • POSL 0.91 to 1.0 • 4. Convert POSL 1.0 to • RuleML 0.88 or 0.91/1.0

  14. OO jDREW modifications • Demonstration

  15. OO jDREW modifications • To accomplish this: • Update the POSL input field • - Generate LEXER and PARSER of modified grammar using ANTLR 2.7.5 • Added support for legacy code - POSL 0.91 • - Created a “POSL 0.91 to 1.0 button” • Convert RuleML to POSL 1.0 instead of 0.91

  16. Conclusions • Changes implemented in POSL to 1.0. • Functionality updated in OO jDREW. • Current d-POSL grammar based on EBNF presented in, • Kontopoulos, Efstratios and Bassiliades, Nick and Antoniou, Grigoris: Visualizing Semantic Web proofs of defeasible logic in the DR-DEVICE system (April, 2011) http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1942399 • A test rig to label input according to specification in the grammar has been implemented. • http://d-posl.wikispaces.com/file/view/demoDpos_fat.jar

  17. Future Work • Further work can be done in d-POSL to refine the grammar according to the requirements. • d-POSL grammar can be implemented into a stand alone application.

  18. References • Boley, Harold. "Integrating Positional and Slotted Knowledge on the Semantic Web". Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence (Nov 2010). 343-353. • Kontopoulos, Efstratios and Bassiliades, Nick and Antoniou, Grigoris: "Visualizing Semantic Web proofs of defeasible logic in the DR-DEVICE system". Knowledge-Based Systems (April 2011). 406-419. • Parr, Terrence. The Definitive ANTLR Reference: Building Domain-Specific Languages. 2007.

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